Parental Nonstandard Work Schedules in the UK: Implications for Children's and Parents' Health

晚上、夜间和周末工作（以下简称非标准工作）在全天候经济中很常见，但这是否为工作与家庭生活的结合创造了新的机会或新的压力？在英国，近25%的在职母亲和35%的在职父亲都有不标准的作息时间。越来越多的研究指出，这些作息时间对孩子和父母的健康有不利影响。2015- 2016年，英国因工作压力、抑郁和焦虑损失了1170万个工作日，我们需要收集更多的证据来证明父母的不标准工作时间表对父母健康、家庭生活和孩子健康的影响。这项开创性的研究在英国首次做出了以下重大贡献：-对非标准工作时间的父母的社会和人口统计资料的检查-为父母非标准工作时间对儿童健康和发展，家庭生活的直接和长期影响提供了新的证据。对家庭特征的调查，可以解释非标准工作与儿童和父母健康之间的联系，从而确定潜在的政策杠杆。绝大多数关于非标准轮班的学术研究都是在美国进行的，可以说美国是任何工业化国家中家庭和儿童保育政策最有限的国家。这项拟议的研究计划将填补空白，重点放在英国的背景下，调查父母的非标准就业对儿童和父母的健康的影响。该项目将概述从事非标准工作时间表的母亲和父亲的特点，并审查儿童健康和发展的不同标志，以及父母健康和家庭生活的一系列标志。将考虑家庭环境中的因素，以调查非标准工作时间表影响儿童和父母的渠道。此外，统计技术和数据来源将确定非标准工作时间表是否真的会导致工作这种时间表的父母和工作朝九晚五的父母之间的健康差异。这种类型的研究将通过在英国使用丰富的纵向数据来实现：千年队列研究。这是一个理想的数据集，因为它包含了家庭环境、养育子女和经济资源的详细信息。申请人将向广泛的受益人传播调查结果。通过高影响力期刊和国际会议上的同行评审出版物传播研究将是关键。将寻求通过讨论会传播工作的机会。除了学术读者外，这项研究还将使雇主、家庭和就业政策制定者、父母、教师、社会工作者、儿童保育提供者和其他寻求为关于父母就业对儿童和父母健康影响的持续政策辩论作出贡献的人受益。这项研究将通过多种机制产生影响：与政策制定者、慈善机构和智库合作，如国家儿童局、DWP、PHE、工薪家庭、妇女商业委员会和商业、能源和工业战略委员会；通过在线平台，如WorkFlex在Working Families的博客、Mumsnet、ToUChstone博客（由TUC运营）和The Conversation，传播研究成果并促进与影响相关的活动；通过播客和音频幻灯片向论坛提供证据，提高人们对政策问题的认识，如《柳叶刀英国政策事项》、全国儿童和孕产妇健康情报网络，以及工作妈妈和工作基金会博客等平台；通过向议会科学技术办公室、议会特别顾问和研究助理提交意见书，与活动人士、政策专家和游说者分享发现。

Evening, night, and weekend work (hereafter referred to as nonstandard work) are common in the 24/7 economy, but does this create new opportunities or new pressures for combining work with family life? In the UK, nearly 25% of employed mothers and 35% of employed fathers have nonstandard schedules. A growing body of research has pointed to the adverse impact of these schedules on child and parental health. Given that work-related stress, depression and anxiety accounted for 11.7 million working days lost in the UK in 2015-16, we need to gather more evidence on the implications of parents' nonstandard work schedules on parents' health, family life, and children's health. This ground-breaking research is the first in the UK to make these significant contributions:-An examination of the social and demographic profiles of mothers and fathers working nonstandard schedules-Provide new evidence on the immediate and longitudinal consequences of parental nonstandard work schedules on children's health and development, family life, and parental mental and overall health-An investigation of family characteristics that may explain the links between nonstandard work and children's and parents' health, thereby identifying potential policy leversThe vast majority of scholarship on nonstandard shifts has been done in the US context, arguably a country with the most limited family and childcare policies of any industrialized country. This proposed research program will fill the gaps by focusing on the UK context to investigate the implications of parental nonstandard employment on children's and parents' health. The project will profile the characteristics of mothers and fathers who work nonstandard work schedules, and examine different markers of health and development for children, and a range of markers of health and family life for parents. Factors in the family environment will be considered to investigate the channels through which nonstandard work schedules influence children and parents. Furthermore, the statistical techniques and data source will ascertain whether nonstandard work schedules actually cause differences in health between parents who work such schedules and parents who work 9-5 schedules. This type of research will be made possible by using rich, longitudinal data in the UK: the Millennium Cohort Study. This is an ideal dataset because it contains detailed information on family circumstances, parenting, and economic resources. The applicant will disseminate findings to a wide range of beneficiaries. Dissemination of the research via peer-reviewed publications in high impact journals and international conferences will be key. Opportunities to disseminate work through seminars will be pursued. In addition to an academic audience, the research will benefit employers, family and employment policy makers, parents, teachers, social workers, child care providers and others who seek to contribute to the continuing policy debate on the effects of parental employment on children's and parents' health. The research will have impact via a number of mechanisms: Collaborating with policy makers, charities, and think tanks, such as National Children's Bureau, DWP, PHE, Working Families, Women's Business Council, and The Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee; Disseminate research findings and promote impact related activities through online platforms, such as WorkFlex blog at Working Families, Mumsnet, ToUChstone blog (operated by TUC), and The Conversation; Deliver evidence through podcasts and audio slide shows to forums that increase awareness of policy issues, such as The Lancet UK Policy Matters, the National Child and Maternal Health Intelligence Network, and platforms, such as Workingmums and The Work Foundation blog; share findings with campaigners, policy experts, and lobbyists through submissions to Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Parliamentary special advisors and research assistants.