Ageing Well in Urban Environments: Developing Age Friendly Cities and Communities

人口老龄化和城市化是21世纪世纪的两大社会趋势。到2030年，全球三分之二的人口将生活在城市，其中至少四分之一的城市人口年龄将超过60岁。发展支持和促进老年人健康生活的城市环境已成为地方和国家两级城市政策和干预措施的主要驱动力，从而产生了支持老龄人口的规划设计概念和准则。然而，目前的城市规划和发展模式忽视了环境如何支持地方感，通过支持积极生活，社会参与和为社区做出积极贡献来表达。要在家中和社区成功地养老，人们必须能够获得“资产和资源”，以支持健康的老年生活，例如交通、适当的住房、医疗保健服务、休闲机会以及社交网络和终身学习的机会。针对这些挑战，本研究旨在回答以下研究问题：老年人如何在不同的城市，社会和文化背景下体验衰老和地方感？城市环境可以通过哪些方式支持老年人在原地安享晚年的权利？如果老年友好型城市和社区要支持生活在不同城市和文化背景下的老年人的地方感需求，它们会是什么样子？在回答这些问题时，本研究建立在现有的ESRC城市改造补助金（ES/N 013220/1）正在进行探索的地方感是如何体验的老年人生活在18个街区（不同的密度和收入水平）在英国（爱丁堡，曼彻斯特和格拉斯哥）和巴西（佩尔斯堡，波尔图阿莱格雷，巴西利亚）的六个案例研究城市。拟议研究的目的是扩大对城市环境中老龄化问题的跨国理解，将其推广到印度的三个案例研究城市（德里、加尔各答、海得拉巴）。这将提供一个独特的见解，老年人如何在印度不同的和变革的城市环境中体验老龄化和地方，提供知识交流的机会，允许在印度，英国和巴西的案例研究城市内部和之间进行比较分析，以及找出清晰的政策和实践途径。我们会采用一系列方法，包括地方感调查和半结构化访谈与经验方法，包括“走沿着”散步，照片日记和社区绘图练习，以捕捉老年人的地方为基础的需求。研究将采用基于社区的参与性办法，将所有利益攸关方聚集在一起，进行合作对话和共同设计，以挑战“为”而不是“与”老年人一起“规划时存在的等级权力关系。研究结果将用于共同创建场所制作工具和资源，这些工具和资源对于为印度的老年人设计适合年龄的环境至关重要，这些环境适用于不同的文化，社会和福利背景。调查结果将通过正在进行的和项目结束时的知识翻译活动传播给社区、决策者、从业人员和学术界。项目设计中包含了机会，允许来自印度，英国和巴西的研究人员聚集在一起交流研究成果，分享方法论见解并塑造研究过程。

Population ageing and increasing urbanisation are two dominant societal trends of the 21st Century. By 2030 two-thirds of the global population will be living in cities and at least a quarter of those urban populations will be aged over 60. Developing urban environments that support and promote healthy living for older people has become a key driver of urban policy and interventions at a local and national level, resulting in planning design concepts and guidelines to support an ageing population. However, current urban planning and development models have overlooked how environments can support a sense of place, articulated through supports for active living, social participation and making a positive contribution to the community. Ageing successfully at home and in the community requires people are able to access 'assets and resources' to support healthy ageing, e.g. transport, adequate housing, healthcare services, and leisure opportunities alongside social networks and opportunities for lifelong learning. Responding to these challenges, this research intends to answer the following research questions: How do older adults experience ageing and sense of place across different urban, social and cultural contexts? In what ways can urban environments support the rights of older people to age in place? What would age-friendly cities and communities look like if they are to support the sense of place needs of older adults living across different urban and cultural contexts? In answering these questions, this research builds upon an existing ESRC Urban Transformations grant (ES/N013220/1) being undertaken exploring how sense of place is experienced by older adults living in 18 neighbourhoods (of varying densities and income levels) across six case study cities in the UK (Edinburgh, Manchester and Glasgow) and Brazil (Pelotas, Porto Alegre, and Brasilia). The aim of the proposed research is to expand transnational understandings of ageing in urban environments to three case study cities in India (Delhi, Calcutta, Hyderabad). This will offer a unique insight into how older adults experience ageing and place across diverse and transformative urban environments in India, providing opportunities for knowledge exchange, allowing for comparative analysis within and across case study cities in India, UK and Brazil, and identifying clear routes to policy and practice.We will use a range of methods to achieve the project aims including sense of place surveys and semi-structured interviews alongside experiential methods including 'go along' walks, photo diaries and community mapping exercises to capture the place-based needs of older adults. A community-based participatory approach will be adopted to the research, bringing together all stakeholders in a process of collaborative dialogue and co-design to challenge the hierarchical power relationships that exist when planning 'for' and not 'with' older people. The results will be used to co-create place-making tools and resources which are essential for designing age friendly environments for older adults in India that work across different cultural, social and welfare contexts. Findings will be disseminated to community, policymaker, practitioner and academic audiences through ongoing and end of project knowledge translation activities. Opportunities are built into the project design to allow for researchers from India, UK and Brasil to come together to exchange findings, share methodological insights and shape the research process.