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Cannabis Africana: Drugs and Development in Africa

非洲大麻：非洲的毒品与发展

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S012060/1
负责人：
Gernot Klantschnig
金额：
$ 66.2万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS012060%2F1
关键词：
Cannabis Africana Drugs Development Africa

项目摘要

Cannabis is ubiquitous in sub-Saharan Africa, with a long history interwoven with numerous groups' cultural practices, and increasingly a valuable economic commodity. Despite this, little is known of these roles, the predominant source of knowledge about the substance and its various uses being drawn from police and state sources. As a result, there is a lack of understanding about how cannabis is used and perceived - beyond its status as an 'illegal drug' - and what roles it plays in the lives of people in sub-Saharan Africa. The proposed research project will develop a deeper, more nuanced understanding of cannabis in Africa, focusing not only on its 'traditional' uses, but on its contemporary growth as an economic cash crop and source of livelihoods, in a global context where drug policy is in flux. To do this, the project focuses attention on four interrelated areas, all of which draw on newly gathered empirical data in 3 chosen sites: South-Western Nigeria, Western Kenya; South Africa's Eastern Cape. First, an historical account serves as the foundation of the project, exploring the roles that cannabis has played in Africa's history, both in terms of governance and in the daily livelihoods of many of the continent's people. Drawing on fresh archival research and oral histories, the project aims to highlight the long history that cannabis has had and the lessons that can be drawn for current debates and perceptions of the substance. These debates and perceptions, it should be noted, are shifting in many countries in Africa today, with the submission of this proposal coming at a time at which South Africa is officially considering the legal status of cannabis in the courts. Following on from this historical point of departure, the second focus of the proposed project aims to understand the contemporary socioeconomic roles of cannabis, its uses, the practices associated with it, and indeed, the meaning it holds for farmers, traders and consumers. This area of the project will explicitly explore cannabis' links to rural and urban livelihoods and so-called 'development' by drawing on evidence gathered through interviews and small scale surveys, which will be collected in 3 case study sites across the continent. The study will, for instance, gather the unheard voices of cannabis farmers who live in the remote Transkei area of South Africa or Nigeria's Cocoa Belt. The third area that our research will focus on are the various cultures of consumption that exist around the substance. While the existing literature has hinted at these, they remain largely unexplored despite varying greatly between, for instance, the urban and rural contexts of the continent. As such, this part not only draws on the data of the above two, but also explores a wider corpus of cultural practices, discourses and products, such as music and fiction, in order to shed light on the meanings that cannabis has taken on, aside from being an 'illegal drug' over time in the 3 study sites. Finally, the fourth area highlights the role of drug policy, focusing on the impact that regulatory environments have on the production, distribution and use of cannabis in the case-study sites. It will reveal how regulation and prohibition has impacted on the lives of people and their ability to enact their economic and cultural practices. The project provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between cannabis and policy towards it, probing the history of cannabis policy, with the aim of understanding and developing more effective and more just governance strategies today.With its focus on cannabis and its illicit economies and cultures of consumption, the project will illuminate a substance of critical importance for the continent, filling a vast lacuna in our knowledge of drugs in Africa, and will tackle a key case-study of drugs and development, one made all the more important given the liberalisation of cannabis policies elsewhere in the world.

大麻在撒哈拉以南非洲无处不在，有着悠久的历史，与许多群体的文化习俗交织在一起，并日益成为一种宝贵的经济商品。尽管如此，人们对这些角色知之甚少，关于这种物质及其各种用途的主要知识来源来自警方和国家来源。因此，人们对大麻的使用和认知缺乏了解--除了它是一种“非法药物”之外--以及它在撒哈拉以南非洲人民的生活中发挥了什么作用。拟议的研究项目将对非洲的大麻有更深入、更细致入微的了解，不仅关注大麻的传统用途，而且在毒品政策不断变化的全球背景下，关注大麻作为一种经济作物和生计来源的当代增长。为此，该项目将注意力集中在四个相互关联的地区，所有这些地区都利用了在3个选定地点新收集的经验数据：尼日利亚西南部、肯尼亚西部、南非东开普省。首先，历史记述是该项目的基础，探讨了大麻在非洲历史上的作用，无论是在治理方面，还是在非洲大陆许多人的日常生活中。该项目利用最新的档案研究和口述历史，旨在突出大麻的悠久历史，以及可以为当前对这一物质的辩论和看法吸取的教训。应当指出，今天在非洲许多国家，这些辩论和看法正在发生变化，这项提案的提交正值南非正式在法庭上审议大麻的法律地位之时。从这一历史起点出发，拟议项目的第二个重点旨在了解大麻在当代的社会经济作用、用途、与之相关的做法，以及它对农民、贸易商和消费者的意义。该项目的这一领域将利用通过访谈和小规模调查收集的证据，明确探索大麻与农村和城市生计以及所谓的“发展”的联系，这些证据将在整个非洲大陆的3个案例研究地点收集。例如，这项研究将收集生活在南非偏远的特兰斯凯地区或尼日利亚可可地带的大麻种植者从未听到的声音。我们研究的第三个领域是围绕物质存在的各种消费文化。虽然现有的文献已经暗示了这些，但它们在很大程度上仍然没有被探索，尽管非洲大陆的城市和农村背景差异很大。因此，这一部分不仅借鉴了上述两个研究地点的数据，还探索了更广泛的文化实践、话语和产品语料库，如音乐和小说，以阐明大麻除了在三个研究地点随着时间的推移是一种“非法药物”之外，还具有哪些含义。最后，第四个领域突出了毒品政策的作用，侧重于管制环境对案例研究地点的大麻生产、分配和使用的影响。它将揭示监管和禁令如何影响人们的生活以及他们制定经济和文化做法的能力。该项目提供了对大麻与其政策之间关系的更深入的了解，探讨了大麻政策的历史，目的是了解和制定更有效和更公正的今天的治理战略。该项目的重点是大麻及其非法经济和消费文化，该项目将阐明对非洲大陆至关重要的物质，填补我们对非洲毒品知识的巨大空白，并将处理一个关于毒品与发展的关键案例研究，鉴于世界其他地方大麻政策的自由化，这一研究变得更加重要。