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Out of camp or out of sight? Realigning responses to protracted displacement in an urban world

离开营地还是看不见？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T004525/1
负责人：
Lucy Olivia Earle
金额：
$ 334.11万
依托单位：
International Institute for Environment and Development
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT004525%2F1
关键词：
Out camp out sight Realigning

项目摘要

For decades, the response by the international community to mass movements of people fleeing war or political persecution has been to provide humanitarian assistance in camps. Yet despite highly-charged debates on the negative impact of maintaining forcibly displaced people in often inhospitable and remote regions and dependent on humanitarian assistance, camps have continued to be a default response to new refugee crises. Camps are not, however, the choice of the majority of the world's displaced people, and estimates suggest that over 60% of refugees and half of internally displaced persons (IDPs) now live in towns and cities. Research, international policy discourse and local action have been slow to catch up.The experiences of urban refugees and IDPs, their understandings of well-being and self-reliance, and their contributions to host communities remain understudied. There is a critical need for evidence to inform innovative solutions to protracted displacement that support both the specific vulnerabilities of displaced people and the needs of the urban poor amongst whom they often live.With the ultimate goal of improving self-reliance, well-being and the productive livelihoods of refugees, returnees and IDPs this research examines the potential of an urban response to protracted displacement to assess how cities can foster displaced people's self-reliance and local integration, while benefitting host governments and communities. The research is the first large-scale study to compare experiences of displacement in cities and camps and provide evidenced analysis of the comparative outcomes for displaced people in these different settings. It focuses on four countries with large displaced populations: Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Jordan and Kenya, The ultimate goal is to improve the well-being and productive livelihoods of displaced people and to enable their full participation in urban life and contribution to host cities. The overall aims of the research are to:1. Build an evidence base for national and local governments, humanitarian agencies and donors on the opportunities and challenges of hosting displaced people in camps vs. urban areas2. Promote an assessment of current responses to urban protracted displacement, raising awareness of unmet need and the potential economic and social contributions of refugees and IDP for host cities3. Build the capacity of municipal authorities, displaced people, organisations of the urban poor and other local actors to use participatory planning to develop innovative, inclusive solutions to forced displacement.The countries studied host some of the largest refugee and IDP populations in the world. All four countries rely on international aid to support the costs of the displaced - particularly those in camps who lack the right to work and whose freedom of movement may be limited. Three of the four countries are piloting the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework, the UN's 2016 vision for managing forced displacement. Through partnership with displaced and host populations, and collaborations between international experts, operational actors, developing-country academics, local NGOs and affected communities, this research project will produce: an assessment of how an urban response can support a rights-based approach to local integration; guidance for municipal governments facing large influxes of people, and evidence to support international policy and decision-making on innovative solutions to protracted displacement.

几十年来，国际社会对大批逃离战争或政治迫害的人的反应是在难民营中提供人道主义援助。然而，尽管就将被迫流离失所的人安置在往往不适宜居住和偏远地区并依赖人道主义援助的负面影响展开了激烈的辩论，但难民营仍然是应对新的难民危机的默认对策。然而，难民营并不是世界上大多数流离失所者的选择，估计表明，60%以上的难民和一半的境内流离失所者现在居住在城镇。城市难民和境内流离失所者的经历、他们对福祉和自力更生的理解以及他们对收容社区的贡献仍未得到充分研究。迫切需要证据为长期流离失所问题提供创新的解决办法，既支持流离失所者的具体脆弱性，又满足他们经常居住的城市穷人的需要。这项研究的最终目标是改善难民、回返者和国内流离失所者的自力更生、福祉和生产性生计，本研究审查了城市应对长期流离失所的潜力，以评估城市如何能够促进流离失所者的自力更生和当地融合，同时使东道国政府和社区受益。这项研究是第一项大规模研究，目的是比较城市和难民营中流离失所的经历，并对这些不同环境中流离失所者的比较结果进行有证据的分析。它侧重于四个流离失所人口较多的国家：阿富汗、埃塞俄比亚、约旦和肯尼亚，最终目标是改善流离失所者的福祉和生产性生计，使他们能够充分参与城市生活，并为收容城市作出贡献。这项研究的总体目标是：1.为国家和地方政府、人道主义机构和捐助者建立一个证据基础，说明在难民营和城市地区收容流离失所者的机会和挑战2.促进对当前应对城市长期流离失所问题的评估，提高对未得到满足的需求以及难民和境内流离失所者对收容城市的潜在经济和社会贡献的认识3。建设市政当局、流离失所者、城市穷人组织和其他当地行为者的能力，利用参与性规划为强迫流离失所制定创新的包容性解决方案。研究的国家收容了世界上一些最大的难民和境内流离失所者人口。这四个国家都依赖国际援助来支持流离失所者的费用--特别是那些在难民营中没有工作权、行动自由可能受到限制的人。这四个国家中有三个正在试行综合难民应对框架，这是联合国2016年关于管理被迫流离失所的愿景。通过与流离失所者和收容人口的伙伴关系，以及国际专家、业务行为者、发展中国家学者、当地非政府组织和受影响社区之间的合作，这一研究项目将产生：对城市应对措施如何支持以权利为基础的当地融合办法的评估；为面临大量人口涌入的市政府提供指导；以及支持关于创新解决长期流离失所问题的国际政策和决策的证据。