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What Worked? Policy Mobility and the Public Health Approach to Youth Violence

什么有效？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T005793/1
负责人：
Alistair Fraser
金额：
$ 90.13万
依托单位：
University of Glasgow
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT005793%2F1
关键词：
What Worked Policy Mobility Public

项目摘要

The study seeks to further the ESRC's strategic objective of a 'safer, fairer society' through establishing a new evidence-base on public health approaches to violence reduction, and the ways such policies transfer between jurisdictions, to shape policy, guide best practice, and inform academic and public debate.The study responds to the urgent social problem of rising youth violence. England and Wales have seen marked increases in homicide, knife crime, and hospital admissions for stab-wounds, with particular concentrations in the city of London. Cressida Dick, Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, has stated that tackling youth violence is her 'number one priority.' In March 2019, UK Prime Minister Theresa May unveiled a consultation on a new public health strategy for youth violence. This approach, which seeks to address violence using principles of prevention and education rather than policing and justice, marks a major step-change in policy. The interest in developing this approach stems primarily from Scotland, where radical reductions in violent crime over the last decade have been attributed to the adoption of a public health model. There is however a lack of clear understanding of 'what worked' in the Scottish context. While there have indeed been marked declines in youth violence, the mechanisms that have driven this decrease are poorly understood. There is confusion over what public health approaches are, how they work, and the conditions under which such ideas can travel. As a result, despite significant potential, the implications of the public health approach remain vague. The study will be delivered in three work-streams over a three year period:1. What WorkedThrough thirty semi-structured interviews with elite actors - senior police, politicians, and civil servants - we will establish an expert appraisal of the causes of violence reduction in Scotland. This will be complemented by a detailed documentary analysis, investigating the social, political, and cultural conditions in which violence reduction occurred, and a series of twenty semi-structured interviews with practitioners and residents of communities affected by violence to establish a bottom-up account of change. Finally, available statistical data on violence and health will be leveraged to triangulate explanations. These data-sources will be combined to produce a policy briefing, two journal articles, and a short film on the theme of 'what worked'.2. Policy Travels Using flexible and responsive ethnographic methods, we will track the evolution of the public health approach in London as it evolves in real time, entering the 'assumptive worlds' of policy through attendance at key meetings and events. Observations will be complemented by a series of thirty semi-structured interviews with elite actors engaged in violence reduction in London, and twenty semi-structured interviews with local residents and youth practitioners, exploring the factors that promote or impede change. Mirroring data-collection in Scotland, relevant statistical data will be used to evaluate the extent to which policy changes are impacting on violence reduction. These data will be used to produce a second policy briefing, two journal articles, and a series of podcasts on 'how ideas travel'. 3. Connecting Communities Data from these work-streams will be connected via an open access data-set to enhance understanding of best practice in violence reduction. Data will be analysed and published as an academic monograph aimed at scholars working in the areas of criminology, public health and social policy. Through our advisory group and engagement with policy user-groups, we will engage directly with policy actors at the highest level, and using cooperative methods will create a practitioner toolkit. Communities of policy, practice and public will be connected through a website, a series of events and a roadshow.

这项研究旨在通过建立一个新的证据基础，了解减少暴力的公共卫生方法，以及这些政策在不同司法管辖区之间的转移方式，从而形成政策，指导最佳做法，并为学术和公共辩论提供信息，从而进一步实现ESRC的“更安全、更公平的社会”的战略目标。这项研究回应了青少年暴力上升这一紧迫的社会问题。英格兰和威尔士的杀人案、持刀犯罪和因刺伤而入院的案件显著增加，尤其集中在伦敦市。伦敦警察局局长克蕾西达·迪克表示，解决青少年暴力问题是她的“首要任务”。2019年3月，英国首相特蕾莎·梅公布了一项针对青少年暴力的新公共卫生战略咨询。这种方法旨在利用预防和教育原则，而不是警务和司法原则来解决暴力问题，这标志着政策的重大转变。发展这一方法的兴趣主要来自苏格兰，过去十年暴力犯罪的急剧减少归功于采用了公共卫生模式。然而，在苏格兰的背景下，缺乏对“什么有效”的清晰理解。虽然青少年暴力确实有明显的下降，但人们对导致这种下降的机制知之甚少。对于什么是公共卫生方法，它们如何工作，以及这些想法可以传播的条件，人们感到困惑。因此，尽管具有巨大的潜力，但公共卫生方法的影响仍然模糊不清。该研究将在三年的时间内分三个工作流程进行：通过对精英演员——高级警察、政治家和公务员——的30个半结构化访谈，我们将对苏格兰暴力减少的原因进行专家评估。这将辅以详细的文献分析，调查暴力减少发生的社会、政治和文化条件，并与受暴力影响的社区的从业人员和居民进行一系列20次半结构化访谈，以建立自下而上的变化说明。最后，将利用关于暴力和健康的现有统计数据对解释进行三角测量。这些数据来源将结合起来制作一份政策简报、两篇期刊文章和一部关于“什么有效”主题的短片。我们将使用灵活和反应迅速的人种学方法，跟踪伦敦公共卫生方法的实时演变，通过参加关键会议和活动，进入政策的“假设世界”。对伦敦从事减少暴力的精英演员进行的30次半结构化访谈，以及对当地居民和青年从业人员进行的20次半结构化访谈，将对观察结果进行补充，探讨促进或阻碍变革的因素。与苏格兰的数据收集一样，相关统计数据将用于评估政策变化对减少暴力的影响程度。这些数据将用于制作第二份政策简报、两篇期刊文章和一系列关于“思想如何传播”的播客。3. 来自这些工作流程的数据将通过一个开放获取的数据集连接起来，以加强对减少暴力最佳做法的理解。数据将作为学术专著进行分析和出版，供从事犯罪学、公共卫生和社会政策领域工作的学者使用。通过我们的咨询小组和与政策用户团体的接触，我们将直接与最高级别的政策参与者接触，并使用合作方法创建一个实践者工具包。政策、实践和公众社区将通过网站、一系列活动和路演联系起来。