What Worked? Policy Mobility and the Public Health Approach to Youth Violence

该研究旨在通过建立一个新的证据基础，对减少暴力的公共卫生方法，以及这些政策在司法管辖区之间转移的方式，以形成政策，指导最佳实践，并为学术和公众辩论提供信息，促进ESRC的战略目标，即“更安全，更公平的社会”。英格兰和威尔士的凶杀案、持刀犯罪和因刺伤入院的人数显著增加，特别是伦敦。大都会警察局局长克雷西达·迪克表示，解决青少年暴力问题是她的“首要任务”。2019年3月，英国首相特蕾莎·梅公布了一项关于青少年暴力的新公共卫生战略的磋商。这一办法力求利用预防和教育原则而不是治安和司法原则来解决暴力问题，标志着政策的重大转变。对制定这一方法的兴趣主要来自苏格兰，过去十年来暴力犯罪的大幅减少归功于采用了公共卫生模式。然而，人们对苏格兰背景下的“什么起作用”缺乏明确的理解。虽然青年暴力确实明显减少，但人们对导致这种减少的机制知之甚少。人们对公共卫生方法是什么、它们如何工作以及这些想法可以传播的条件感到困惑。因此，尽管有巨大的潜力，但公共卫生方法的影响仍然模糊。 该研究将在三年内分三个工作流程进行：1。通过对精英演员-高级警察，政治家和公务员-进行的30次半结构化访谈，我们将对苏格兰暴力减少的原因进行专家评估。这将辅之以详细的文献分析，调查暴力减少发生的社会，政治和文化条件，以及一系列20个半结构化的采访，与受暴力影响的社区的从业者和居民建立一个自下而上的变化帐户。最后，将利用关于暴力与健康的现有统计数据对各种解释进行三角分析。将把这些数据来源合并起来，制作一份政策简报、两份期刊文章和一部关于“行之有效的做法”主题的短片。政策旅行使用灵活和反应灵敏的人种学方法，我们将跟踪公共卫生方法的演变在伦敦，因为它演变在真实的时间，通过出席关键会议和活动进入政策的“预期世界”。观察将通过一系列的30个半结构化采访参与减少暴力的精英演员在伦敦，和20个半结构化采访当地居民和青年从业者，探索促进或阻碍变化的因素。在苏格兰收集的镜像数据中，相关统计数据将用于评估政策变化对减少暴力的影响程度。这些数据将用于制作第二次政策简报，两篇期刊文章和一系列关于“思想如何传播”的播客。3.这些工作流的数据将通过一个开放获取的数据集连接起来，以加强对减少暴力最佳做法的了解。将对数据进行分析，并将其作为学术专著出版，供从事犯罪学、公共卫生和社会政策领域工作的学者使用。通过我们的咨询小组和与政策用户团体的接触，我们将直接与最高级别的政策行为者接触，并使用合作方法创建一个实践者工具包。政策、实践和公众社区将通过一个网站、一系列活动和路演联系起来。

The study seeks to further the ESRC's strategic objective of a 'safer, fairer society' through establishing a new evidence-base on public health approaches to violence reduction, and the ways such policies transfer between jurisdictions, to shape policy, guide best practice, and inform academic and public debate.The study responds to the urgent social problem of rising youth violence. England and Wales have seen marked increases in homicide, knife crime, and hospital admissions for stab-wounds, with particular concentrations in the city of London. Cressida Dick, Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, has stated that tackling youth violence is her 'number one priority.' In March 2019, UK Prime Minister Theresa May unveiled a consultation on a new public health strategy for youth violence. This approach, which seeks to address violence using principles of prevention and education rather than policing and justice, marks a major step-change in policy. The interest in developing this approach stems primarily from Scotland, where radical reductions in violent crime over the last decade have been attributed to the adoption of a public health model. There is however a lack of clear understanding of 'what worked' in the Scottish context. While there have indeed been marked declines in youth violence, the mechanisms that have driven this decrease are poorly understood. There is confusion over what public health approaches are, how they work, and the conditions under which such ideas can travel. As a result, despite significant potential, the implications of the public health approach remain vague. The study will be delivered in three work-streams over a three year period:1. What WorkedThrough thirty semi-structured interviews with elite actors - senior police, politicians, and civil servants - we will establish an expert appraisal of the causes of violence reduction in Scotland. This will be complemented by a detailed documentary analysis, investigating the social, political, and cultural conditions in which violence reduction occurred, and a series of twenty semi-structured interviews with practitioners and residents of communities affected by violence to establish a bottom-up account of change. Finally, available statistical data on violence and health will be leveraged to triangulate explanations. These data-sources will be combined to produce a policy briefing, two journal articles, and a short film on the theme of 'what worked'.2. Policy Travels Using flexible and responsive ethnographic methods, we will track the evolution of the public health approach in London as it evolves in real time, entering the 'assumptive worlds' of policy through attendance at key meetings and events. Observations will be complemented by a series of thirty semi-structured interviews with elite actors engaged in violence reduction in London, and twenty semi-structured interviews with local residents and youth practitioners, exploring the factors that promote or impede change. Mirroring data-collection in Scotland, relevant statistical data will be used to evaluate the extent to which policy changes are impacting on violence reduction. These data will be used to produce a second policy briefing, two journal articles, and a series of podcasts on 'how ideas travel'. 3. Connecting Communities Data from these work-streams will be connected via an open access data-set to enhance understanding of best practice in violence reduction. Data will be analysed and published as an academic monograph aimed at scholars working in the areas of criminology, public health and social policy. Through our advisory group and engagement with policy user-groups, we will engage directly with policy actors at the highest level, and using cooperative methods will create a practitioner toolkit. Communities of policy, practice and public will be connected through a website, a series of events and a roadshow.