The Effect of Local Crime on Child Marriage, School Dropout, and Employment Outcomes: A Gender Perspective from India

印度目前迫切关注的一个问题是，如何公平分配其经济高速增长带来的好处，从而减少贫困，减少社会不同群体之间的不平等，增加经济参与度，从而实现进一步的经济增长。然而，越来越明显的是，印度在将经济增长与这些理想结果联系起来方面经历了各种困难，如果这些问题得不到解决，经济发展有可能严重停滞。其中一个关键问题是妇女在印度社会中的经济和社会地位，这影响了她们在劳动力市场，特别是正规劳动力市场的人力资本开发和参与(Afridi等人，2018年；Klasen，2017年)。讨论的重点是现有证据表明，妇女的经济机会减少，家庭中男性成员的收入增加。然而，学校与婚姻或工作过渡的相关性以及它如何受到文化规范的影响在讨论中并没有得到太多关注。拟议的研究将利用2018年收到的IAA非政府组织之前的数据资金，这些资金审查了该非政府组织持有的数据，以了解印度的童工问题。这笔资金使PI得以与印度非政府组织--儿童权利与你(CRE)建立联系，并将该组织持有的现有数据纳入范围。这项范围调查显示，Call掌握了大量未得到充分利用的青春期数据，特别关注女孩的教育。这项研究将使用这些定量和定性数据，结合其他官方数据来源，研究性别不平等的三种表现形式：针对妇女的犯罪和中性犯罪；童婚；以及女性辍学是如何相互关联的，并共同抑制女性劳动力市场的参与，阻止实现这一点对印度经济的好处。

A pressing current concern in India is how the benefits of its high economic growth may be distributed equitably, leading to poverty alleviation, a reduction in inequalities between different groups in society and an increased economic participation resulting in further economic growth. However, it has become increasingly clear that India has experienced various difficulties in linking economic growth to these desirable outcomes and risks a significant stalling in economic development if these issues are not addressed.Key issue amongst these is the economic and social status of women in Indian society which affects their human capital development and participation in the labour market, particularly the formal labour market (Afridi et al., 2018; Klasen, 2017). Discussion has centred on the existing evidence of less economic opportunities for women, and increasing income of male members of households. However, the relevance of school to marriage or work transition and how it is affected by cultural norms have not been given much attention in the discussion. The proposed research will draw upon previous IAA NGO data funding received in 2018 which examined the NGO held data to understand the issue of child labour in India. This funding allowed the PI to develop links with the Indian NGO, Child Rights & You (CRY), and scope the existing data held by the organisation. This scoping exercise revealed that CRY held significant, underutilised data on adolescence, with a specific focus on girls' education. The research will use this quantitative and qualitative data, combined with other official data sources, to examine how three manifestations of gender inequality: crime against women as well as gender neutral crime; child marriage; and female school drop-out, are interlinked and together inhibit female labour market participation and prevent the realisation of the benefits this has for the Indian economy.