HORMONAL REGULATION OF CELLULAR METABOLISM

蛋白质的磷酸化-去磷酸化是最重要的 调节细胞功能的重要机制。 蛋白激酶C，一种钙/磷脂依赖性蛋白激酶， 已经成为细胞生长的关键调节元件， 分化，基因表达，激素分泌，细胞表面 受体功能和细胞代谢。 这种蛋白激酶 可以被甘油二酯激活，甘油二酯是第二信使， 通过信号诱导的磷酸肌醇的分解。 此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 它已被确定为促肿瘤佛波醇的受体 酯引起的多效性反应与那些 受到许多激素和生长因子的刺激。 三种同工酶 已从大鼠和猴中鉴定出蛋白激酶C的形式 大脑 针对这些酶的多克隆和单克隆抗体 制备用于其免疫化学表征。 这些 酶被发现具有不同的组织，细胞， 亚细胞分布和差异表达， 发展 1型蛋白激酶C，只在 在中枢神经系统中， 突触发生 该酶的含量最高， 海马体、杏仁核、小脑和大脑皮质。 在 猴脑视觉信息处理的皮质区 1型蛋白激酶C被发现是高， 对记忆形成很重要的区域，这表明 在记忆功能中的作用。 每个蛋白激酶C的作用 通过筛选突变体，研究了同工酶在细胞调控中作用 缺乏同工酶的细胞系。 几种11型蛋白 激酶C缺陷的嗜碱性白血病细胞系已经被 鉴定 这些细胞系将用11型 蛋白激酶C基因，以确定是否生理反应 在存在和不存在同工酶的情况下被修饰。

Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of proteins is one of the most important mechanisms for the regulation of cellular functions. Protein kinase C, a Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, has emerged as a pivotal regulatory element for cell growth, differentiation, gene expression, hormone secretion, cell surface receptor function, and cellular metabolism. This protein kinase can be activated by diacylglycerol, a second messenger generated by signal-induced breakdown of phosphoinositides. In addition, it has been identified as a receptor for tumor-promoting phorbol esters which elicit pleiotropic responses comparable to those stimulated by many hormones and growth factors. Three isozymic forms of protein kinase C have been identified from rat and monkey brains. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against these enzymes were prepared for their immunochemical characterization. These enzymes were found to have distinct tissue, cellular, and subcellular distributions and were differentially expressed during development. The type 1 protein kinase C, which is expressed only in the central nervous system, was synthesized most actively during synaptogenesis. The content of this enzyme was highest in hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. In the cortical regions of the monkey brain visual information processing pathway, the type 1 protein kinase C was found to be high in regions important for memory formation, suggesting its possible role in mnemonic function. The role of each protein kinase C isozyme in cellular regulation was investigated by selecting mutant cell lines deficient in an isozyme. Several type 11 protein kinase C-deficient basophilic leukemia cell lines have been identified. These cell lines will be transfected with the type 11 protein kinase C gene to determine whether physiological responses are modified in the presence and absence of the isoenzyme.