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Interdisciplinary Study on Medical Research: Rescuing Intellectual Property Rights in Pandemic Emergencies from "Tragedy of the Anticommon"

医学研究跨学科研究：从“反共同悲剧”中拯救疫情突发事件中的知识产权

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W01193X/1
负责人：
Roy Partain
金额：
$ 42.98万
依托单位：
University of Aberdeen
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW01193X%2F1
关键词：
Interdisciplinary Study Medical Research Rescuing

项目摘要

Cursory: A set of COVID-related research grants worth £620,000 (USD $850,000) have just been awarded to the University of Aberdeen's School of Law and its research partners of Kobe University's Graduate School of Law and the British Institute for International and Comparative Law (BIICL). The funds from the Japanese Society for the Progression of Science (JSPS) and the UK Research Institute (UKRI) will award the University of Aberdeen and the British Institute for International and Comparative Law with £424,857.38 and Kobe University with JPY 29,980,000, accordingly. The grants run for three years, from December 2021 till December 2024. The funds are in support of the JSPS and UKRI recent call for 'Addressing COVID-19 Challenges with Japanese Researchers'. The research project proposes to examine how aspects of private law, commercial law, and intellectual property law might be reformed to better enable a rapid policy response in the face of an emerging pandemic. In particular, expertise from legal game theory, such as anticommons structures, will be used as an innovative legal research methodology. The research team includes legal scholars from the University of Aberdeen, BIICL, Kobe University, Hokkaido University, Nihon University, and Tokai University, making this one of the broadest UK-Japan legal research projects in recent history. In Depth: To solve new medical problems, such as viral outbreaks, many patents, copyrights, and other trade secrets need to be accessible to a variety of research labs in many countries. However, coordination problems in the markets surrounding medical and pharmaceutical intellectual property (IP) rights could prevent the rapid development of treatments, cures, and vaccines during the tightly packed timeframes of a moving pandemic. This situation can be described as an IP crisis. In addition, state regulations and policies to ensure safe research procedures and products often take years to complete. On the other hand, governmental interventions to IP rights may dis-incentivise private firms from investing in the necessary research in the future for the next potential pandemic. Thus, our research seeks to find solutions to the IP crisis that enable the continued functional trust of the market and of property rights during pandemics. This research will examine legal issues in various legal areas in such periods of crisis and will propose solutions, using recent innovations in anti-commons theory as theoretical foundations. Anti- commons is a phenomenon when a cluster of separate parties hold exclusionary rights over a joint or shared asset, then that asset might become unusable, resulting in a loss of value or production to the group as a whole. The phenomenon was initially identified in property law, but it can be found arising from many areas of substantive, procedural, and administrative law. This is potentially a central problem in medical research given the large numbers of researchers and research institutes involved. We will investigate intellectual property law, to identify how the rights to control the use of patents, trademarks, and copyrights might cause anti-common problems that can prevent the rapid development of medical and pharmaceutical solutions. In addition to this academic significance, this research will hope to find alternative modalities and designs of intellectual property law that might be more responsive to emergency events and prevent the emergence of anti-common problems. This project combines a wide set of legal expertise to address the problem. The research team unites global experts in Intellectual Property Law, Competition Law, Comparative Private and Commercial Law, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Public International Law, Public Law and Administrative Law, International Economic Law, Sociology of Law, Disaster Law, and Mathematical Methods of Law and Economics.

粗略介绍：阿伯丁大学法学院及其神户大学法学院研究生院和英国国际与比较法研究所（BIICL）的研究合作伙伴刚刚获得了一套价值62万英镑（合85万美元）的新冠肺炎相关研究补助金。来自日本科学进步协会（JSPS）和英国研究所（UKRI）的资金将分别授予阿伯丁大学和英国国际与比法研究所424857.38英镑和神户大学29980,000日元。资助期限为三年，从2021年12月到2024年12月。这些资金是为了支持JSPS和UKRI最近呼吁的“与日本研究人员一起应对COVID-19挑战”。该研究项目建议研究如何改革私法、商法和知识产权法的各个方面，以便更好地在面对新出现的大流行病时作出快速的政策反应。特别是，法律博弈论的专业知识，如反公地结构，将被用作一种创新的法律研究方法。研究团队包括来自英国阿伯丁大学、英国国际法学院、神户大学、北海道大学、日本大学和东海大学的法律学者，这是近年来最广泛的英日法律研究项目之一。深入研究：为了解决新的医疗问题，例如病毒爆发，许多国家的各种研究实验室需要获得许多专利、版权和其他商业秘密。然而，围绕医疗和制药知识产权（IP）权利的市场的协调问题可能会阻碍在大流行移动的紧凑时间框架内快速开发治疗方法、治愈方法和疫苗。这种情况可以被描述为知识产权危机。此外，确保研究程序和产品安全的国家法规和政策往往需要数年时间才能完成。另一方面，政府对知识产权的干预可能会使私营公司失去动力，不愿投资于未来针对下一场潜在大流行的必要研究。因此，我们的研究旨在找到知识产权危机的解决方案，使市场和产权在大流行期间能够继续发挥功能信任。本研究将研究在危机时期的各种法律领域的法律问题，并将提出解决方案，使用反公地理论的最新创新作为理论基础。反公地是一种现象，当一群独立的当事人对共同或共享的资产拥有排他性权利时，那么该资产可能无法使用，导致整个群体的价值或生产损失。这一现象最初是在物权法中发现的，但在实体法、程序法和行政法的许多领域都可以发现。鉴于涉及大量研究人员和研究机构，这可能是医学研究中的一个核心问题。我们将调查知识产权法，以确定控制专利、商标和版权使用的权利如何可能造成反共同问题，从而阻碍医疗和制药解决方案的快速发展。除了这种学术意义之外，本研究还希望找到知识产权法的替代模式和设计，这些模式和设计可能对紧急事件反应更灵敏，并防止反共同问题的出现。该项目结合了广泛的法律专业知识来解决这个问题。研究团队汇集了知识产权法、竞争法、比较私法与商法、替代性争议解决、国际公法、公法与行政法、国际经济法、法律社会学、灾难法、法律与经济学数学方法等领域的全球专家。