Cross-signing in the UK and Japan.

[背景]不熟悉手语的人往往不确定手语是否具有普遍性。事实上，手语并不是一种通用语言：每个国家(有时是国内不同地区)都有自己的手语。在以内陆国家为特色的欧洲大陆，会议期间使用国际标志。这很可能是因为手语是一种高度可视化的语言，而聋人擅长视觉交流。[研究方法]我们将进行调查，并进行语言和互动分析。此外，还将设计下一代手语语料库，使用人工智能技术检测动作以进行注释。这项研究将集中在视频会议期间由于语言接触而导致的手语表达的变化，考虑到跨语言转换和交叉签名实践。交互作用分析将考虑话轮转换和修复序列等CA的基本概念。[科学意义]这项研究的科学意义在于了解手语使用者如何受到新冠肺炎疫情引发的交流环境重大变化的影响。这种情况是信息技术迅速渗透到使用特定语言的社区的罕见例子，在文化人类学和语言人类学方面具有重要意义，特别是考虑到人类未来可能会遇到类似的情况。

[Background] Individuals unfamiliar with sign language are often unsure if it is universal. In fact, sign language is not a universal language: each country, (and sometimes different regions within countries) has its own sign language. In mainland Europe, which is characterised by landlocked countries, International Sign is used during meetings. In the UK and Japan, which are island nations, research has focused more on regional sign language than on contact between different sign languages.In Deaf people's folklore, when deaf individuals who use different sign languages encounter one another, they are capable of engaging in basic conversation after around 30 minutes. This is likely because sign language is a highly visual language and deaf people are skilled in visual communication. This phenomenon has recently been labelled 'cross-signing', and has attracted considerable attention in the fields of cognitive linguistics and communication (Zeshan, 2015; Byun et al., 2017).[Target] This study focuses on how deaf people from different regions and different countries participate in translanguaging when cross-signing, which is a specific feature of communications among deaf people, and analyses improvisations and changes in sign language communication styles in the context of video conferencing systems. [Research Methods] We will perform surveys, and language and interaction analyses. Also, a next-generation sign language corpus will be devised, with movements detected using AI techniques for annotation purposes. Interviews will be performed to clarify deaf people's attitudes towards video conferencing communications, and a large-scale questionnaire will be distributed to determine the time spent using video conferencing systems, the number of people communicated with via this modality, and the type of sign language used (according to region and generation) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research will focus on changes in sign language expressions due to language contact during video conferences, considering translanguaging and cross-signing practices. The interaction analysis will consider basic CA concepts, such as turn-taking and repair sequences.[Scientific Significance] The scientific significance of this research is to understand how sign language users have been affected by the major changes in the communication environment precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation is a rare example of rapid penetration of information technology into a community using a specific language, and has significance in terms of cultural anthropology and linguistic anthropology, especially given that humanity may encounter a similar situation in the future.