Practice, Assemblage And Emergence In The Governance Of Freight Shipping

货运治理的实践、集结与涌现

• 批准号: ES/X000117/1
• 负责人: Alex Gould
• 金额: $ 23.84万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX000117%2F1
• 关键词: Practice; Assemblage; Emergence; Governance; Freight

With around 90% of global trade currently transported by ship (OECD 2021), maritime and shipping governance issues are of great significance in global affairs. International organizations, states and NGOs have asserted that significant governance gaps remain in maritime affairs, in respect of decarbonization, seafarers' rights, and pollution. According to some scholars, private actors have exercised a largely obstructive influence regarding many regulatory priorities in maritime governance in recent decades (Roe 2013). In keeping with a longstanding 'seablindness' (Bueger, Edmunds 2017) in Political Science and International Relations, however, the understanding of the shipping industry's role in shaping the regulation and governance of the oceans remains limited. While there is some recognition that shipping actors, the lifeblood of the global supply chain, comprise the most important constituency of private authority in global maritime policy arenas, many questions about their involvement in maritime governance remain unanswered. How is the influence of shipping enacted across multiple levels of maritime governance? In what ways has the extent and practice of this influence changed over time? How, and in what ways, does the influence of shipping inhibit more effective maritime governance? Focusing on three sites of governance - the International Maritime Organization, European Union and UK Government - this project aims to answer such questions, providing the first comprehensive study of the governance practices of the shipping industry in maritime affairs.This will be enabled by drawing on recent theoretical advances in International Relations. In line with broader trends in global governance, maritime policy processes have exhibited new forms of complexity in recent decades. Processes of contestation and decision-making are now increasingly enmeshed in (for example) conference receptions, scientific consultations, and collaborative research and development. To examine such forms of governance, however, advanced theoretical and methodological tools are required. Accordingly, this study draws on assemblage theory and international practice theory. The latter is a theoretical and methodological tradition that identifies practices as the foremost units for understanding social relations, and which has emerged in the last ten years to explore the full diversity of the processes through which power is enacted in global politics. Focusing in particular on practices through which actors build perceptions of competence and authority, the project will explore a wide range of practices enacted both within and adjacent to policy arenas in maritime governance, and trace these across the trajectory of ocean governance in the post-1948 period. Overall, therefore, this project seeks to make contributions to two bodies of scholarship. Firstly, enabled by its conceptual focus on practice, the study will establish how private power functions in maritime affairs, seeking to theorize private authority in maritime rule-making; these questions remain largely overlooked in maritime governance and policy literature. Secondly, due to the distinctiveness of maritime affairs, the project promises to make important contributions to broader literatures on private power and emergence in transnational governance, examining forms of practice that have hitherto been afforded little attention in Political Science. Additionally, through the creation of an open knowledge network encompassing all of the project's research partners and contacts, it seeks to bring to a practitioner audience new understandings of the dynamics between the politics of shipping and existing regulatory gaps in maritime affairs. The project will adopt a mixed-methods approach, undertaking around one hundred semi-structured interviews on current and recent governance practices, along with participant observation and extensive archival research.

目前，全球约90%的贸易由船舶运输（OECD 2021），海事和航运治理问题在全球事务中具有重要意义。国际组织、国家和非政府组织断言，在脱碳、海员权利和污染方面，海事事务方面仍存在重大治理差距。一些学者认为，近几十年来，私人行为体在海事治理的许多监管重点方面发挥了很大的阻碍作用（Roe 2013）。然而，与政治学和国际关系领域长期存在的“海洋盲”（Bueger, Edmunds 2017）相一致，人们对航运业在塑造海洋监管和治理方面的作用的理解仍然有限。虽然人们已经认识到，作为全球供应链命脉的航运业参与者是全球海事政策领域最重要的私人权威群体，但有关他们参与海事治理的许多问题仍未得到解答。航运的影响是如何跨海事治理的多个层面制定的？随着时间的推移，这种影响的范围和实践在哪些方面发生了变化？航运的影响如何以及以何种方式抑制更有效的海事治理？该项目以国际海事组织、欧盟和英国政府这三个治理场所为重点，旨在回答这些问题，首次对航运业在海事事务中的治理实践进行全面研究。这将通过借鉴国际关系的最新理论进展来实现。与全球治理的更广泛趋势一致，近几十年来，海事政策进程呈现出新的复杂性形式。争论和决策的过程现在越来越多地卷入（例如）会议接待、科学磋商和合作研究与开发。然而，要研究这种形式的治理，需要先进的理论和方法工具。因此，本研究借鉴了装配理论和国际实践理论。后者是一种理论和方法论传统，它将实践视为理解社会关系的最重要单位，并在过去十年中出现，以探索权力在全球政治中颁布的过程的全部多样性。该项目将特别关注行为者建立能力和权威观念的实践，探索海洋治理政策领域内外制定的广泛实践，并在1948年后的海洋治理轨迹中追踪这些实践。因此，总的来说，该项目旨在为两个学术机构做出贡献。首先，基于对实践的概念关注，本研究将确立私人权力如何在海事事务中发挥作用，寻求将海事规则制定中的私人权威理论化；在海洋治理和政策文献中，这些问题在很大程度上被忽视了。其次，由于海洋事务的特殊性，该项目有望为更广泛的关于私人权力和跨国治理中的出现的文献做出重要贡献，研究迄今为止在政治学中很少受到关注的实践形式。此外，通过建立一个包含项目所有研究伙伴和联系人的开放知识网络，它力求使从业者对航运政治与海事事务中现有监管差距之间的动态有新的理解。该项目将采用混合方法，对当前和最近的治理实践进行大约100次半结构化访谈，同时进行参与者观察和广泛的档案研究。