Evaluating the interrelated impacts of commodity agriculture, market access, and forest conservation on food security in tropical landscape

生计和粮食安全可能通过多种相互关联的途径响应热带土地利用变化，包括农业扩张、市场一体化和保护政策之间的相互作用。尽管有许多研究评价了森林保护方案对生计的影响，认识到市场准入对减轻贫困的作用，以及热带商品农业发展的社会和环境后果，但很少对这三种土地使用政策对生计和粮食安全的影响进行集体评价。此外，粮食安全的多维方面以及与各种保护计划（保护区与社区土地管理相比）和农业生产模式（单一栽培种植园与混合栽培和农林小农相比）有关的外部因素没有经常得到评价。本项目旨在通过分析各种森林养护计划和农业生产模式对粮食安全的相互影响以及这种影响如何与进入市场的机会相互作用来解决这一问题。粮食安全是通过多维指标来衡量的。利用文化和生物多样性国家印度尼西亚的数据，该项目将在考虑市场可达性、土地生产力和社会治理背景的情况下，就热带地区商品农业和保护用地的适当分配和规模提出新的见解和建议，以实现更公平的生计和粮食安全成果。该项目的主要产品将包括：(1)同行评议出版物；(i)分析印度尼西亚商品农业和森林保护的扩大及其与市场可及性、土地生产力、土地治理和社会人口特征变化的关系；（ii）评估森林保护和商品农业对多维粮食安全的相互影响，以及这种影响如何因市场可及性而异；(2) 2000 - 2020年印度尼西亚5个主要岛屿多种农业系统和森林保护举措在地区层面的分布变化的新数据联系，以及相关的生物物理和社会经济条件变化。(3)在印尼大学开展土地利用变化和粮食安全分析方面的培训和能力建设。(4)一份政策简介，以资讯图表概述研究结果，为有关改善土地用途规划的政策讨论提供资料。(5)一个在线地图平台，允许用户可视化印度尼西亚多个农业系统、森林保护举措和市场准入指标随时间变化的分布变化，为可持续发展规划提供信息。

There are multiple interrelated pathways by which livelihoods and food security may respond to tropical land use changes, including interactions between agricultural expansion, market integration, and conservation policies. Despite numerous studies evaluating the impact of forest conservation programmes on livelihoods, recognition of the role of market access to poverty alleviation, and the social and environmental consequences of commodity agriculture development in the tropics, the implication of these three land use policies on livelihoods and food security is rarely appraised collectively. In addition, multidimensional aspects of food security and external factors associated with various conservation schemes (protected area compared to community-based land management) and agricultural production models (monoculture plantations compared to polyculture and agroforestry smallholdings) are not frequently evaluated.This project seeks to address this issue by analysing the interrelated impacts of various forest conservation scheme and agricultural production model on food security and how this interacts with access to markets. Food security is measured via multidimensional indicators. Using data from the culturally and biologically diverse country of Indonesia, the project will offer novel insights and recommendations on the appropriate distribution and size of lands allocated to commodity agriculture and conservation in tropical landscapes, given market accessibility, land productivity, and socio-governance contexts, in order to achieve more equitable livelihood and food security outcomes.Key products of this project will include: (1) Peer-reviewed publications: (i) analysing the expansion of commodity agriculture and forest conservation in Indonesia and how they relate to change in market accessibility, land productivity, land governance, and socio-demographic features, and (ii) evaluating the interrelated impacts of forest protection and commodity agriculture on multi-dimensional food security, and how this varies by market accessibility; (2) New data linkages of the change in the distribution of multiple agricultural systems and forest conservation initiatives at a district level between 2000 and 2020 across five major Indonesian islands, and the associated changes in biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. (3) Training and capacity building on land use change and food security analysis at universities in Indonesia. (4) A policy brief with an infographic outlining research findings to inform policy discussions on improved land use planning.(5) An online mapping platform that allows users to visualize the change in the distribution of multiple agricultural systems, forest conservation initiatives, and market access indicators through time across Indonesia to inform sustainable development planning.