MICROGENETIC STUDIES OF INFANT'S PROBLEM SOLVING

描述(改编自申请人的描述)：早期研究 认知功能表明婴儿有能力发明 解决新问题的策略和将策略推广到 不熟悉的问题。然而，对于它们是如何形成的，我们几乎一无所知 完成这些壮举。为了解决这些问题，调查人员计划 获得对婴儿解决问题的逐一试验评估，以及 2岁的孩子将面临需要选择的问题 将玩具放在触手可及的地方的适当工具。在每个实验中， 婴儿会遇到一系列同构的问题，在不同的 特点，但共享目标结构和解决方案策略。微生生物 方法，包括深入观察来自 一种策略的初始使用到它的一致使用，将被用来 确定第一次使用新策略的时间。这个身份证明， 反过来，将允许确定导致 发现并概括了他们最初的战略 背景。获得逐个试验的数据将允许准确地评估 婴幼儿的策略与发展速度和广度的差异 他们的学习成果。它还将允许检查影响 幼儿对策略的发现和概括。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's description): Studies of early cognitive functioning indicate that infants are capable of inventing strategies for solving novel problems and of generalizing the strategies to unfamiliar problems. However, virtually nothing is known about how they accomplish these feats. To address these issues, the investigators plan to obtain trial-by-trial assessments of infants' problem solving, and 2-year-olds will be presented problems requiring the choice of an appropriate tool for bringing a toy within reach. In each experiment, the infants will encounter a series of isomorphic problems, varying in their features but sharing goal structures and solution strategies. Microgenetic methods, involving intensive observation of problem-solving activities from the initial use of a strategy to its consistent use, will be used to identify when the first use of a new strategy occurs. This identification, in turn, will allow determination of the circumstances that led up to the discovery and of their generalization of the strategy beyond this initial context. Obtaining trial-by-trial data will allow accurate assessments of infants' strategies and of developmental differences in the rate and breadth of their learning. It will also allow examination of factors influencing infants' discovery and generalization of strategies.