MECHANISMS OF EMERGENCE OF Z00NOTIC VIRAL PATHOGENS

该项目由四个不同但概念上相互联系的项目组成。 研究项目侧重于几个出现的机制 不同的人畜共患病病毒。 每个项目都包括实地和 实验室研究 第一个项目将研究发病机制 和两种新发现的汉坦病毒（黑溪病毒）的传播 Canal和Cano Delgadito）在其天然棉鼠宿主Sigmodon中的作用 hispidus和S. Alstoni，分别。 这项工作将在 与疾病控制中心的科学家合作， 预防（CDC）在亚特兰大，利用最大限度的遏制 特殊病原体分支的设施。 实地研究还将 确定Cano Delgadito感染的流行率， 啮齿类动物和生活在汉坦病毒流行地区的人。 第二个项目将研究遗传和表型变化， 涌现出 委内瑞拉流行株 马脑炎（VEE）病毒。 实地研究将在几个 委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚VEE - ID病毒活动的地方病疫源地。 将在实验室中使用反向遗传方法来研究VEE 毒力决定因子 第三个项目将研究 奥罗波什热的流行病学，一种由蚊子传播的病毒性疾病， 常与登革热混淆。 流行病学和昆虫学研究将 在秘鲁伊基托斯附近的奥罗波切病毒流行地区进行， 与美国海军医学研究所的科学家合作 在利马的研究所分遣队。 该项目的实验室工作将 包括来自一个类似ORO病毒的分子系统发育研究， 南美洲和巴拿马的各种地方和来源， 用于血清学的特异性重组抗原的开发 疾病的诊断和病因的调查， 经常与ORO热相关的复发性疾病。 第四 该项目将开发一个模型，用于绘制 VEE病毒的地方性疫源地和潜在出现地点 委内瑞拉，利用卫星图像、计算机地理信息系统 信息系统和地面观测。 后一个项目是 提交美国航天局审议供资， NIAID支持。 虽然这些项目涉及不同的病毒， 在主题上是统一的， 在自然界中传播和维持，以及它们如何成为 重要的人类病原体。 研究数据将 增强预测， 预防和控制几种新出现的病毒 发生在美洲的疾病。

This program project consists of four distinct but conceptually linked research projects focusing on the mechanisms of emergence of several different zoonotic viruses. Each project includes both field and laboratory studies. The first Project will examine the pathogenesis and transmission of two newly recognized hantaviruses (Black Creek Canal and Cano Delgadito) in their natural cotton rat hosts, Sigmodon hispidus and S. alstoni, respectively. This work will be done in collaboration with scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, utilizing the maximum containment facilities of the Special Pathogens Branch. Field studies will also be done to determine the prevalence of Cano Delgadito infection among rodents and people living in a rural area where this hantavirus occurs. The second Project will examine the genetic and phenotypic changes leading to the emergence of epidemic/epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Field studies will be done at several enzootic foci of VEE - ID virus activity in Venezuela and Colombia. Reverse genetic approaches will be used in the laboratory to study VEE virulence determinants. The third Project will study the changing epidemiology of Oropouche fever, a midge-borne viral disease that is often confused with dengue. Epidemiologic and entomologic studies will be done in an Oropouche virus-endemic region near Iquitos, Peru, in collaboration with scientists at the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute Detachment in Lima. Laboratory work on this project will include molecular phylogenetic studies of ORO-like viruses from a variety of localities and sources in South America and Panama, the development of specific recombinant antigens for use in serologic diagnosis of the disease, and investigation of the etiology of the recurrent illness frequently associated with ORO fever. The fourth Project will develop a model for mapping the location and distribution of enzootic foci and sites of emergence potential for VEE virus in Venezuela, utilizing satellite imagery, computerized geographic information systems and ground observations. The latter project is submitted for consideration for funding by NASA in conjunction with NIAID support. Although the projects involve different viruses, they are thematically unified in addressing how zoonotic viruses are transmitted and maintained in nature and how they emerge to become significant human pathogens. Data resulting from the research will enhance prediction, prevention and control of several emerging viral diseases occurring in the Americas.