Multi-analyte prognostic and diagnostic screening in blood and skin for Alzheimer's disease

神经退行性疾病通常通过蛋白质生物标志物来检测。目前用于诊断阿尔茨海默病(AD)和痴呆等神经退行性疾病的常规方法包括脑脊液(CSF)的成像和提取以及生物标志物的监测。这些方法有几个缺点，包括：1.腰穿从脊髓收集脑脊液是一种具有潜在副作用的侵入性治疗方法。筛查患者往往很困难，对同一患者进行数年的随访分析也是有问题的。这些方法费时费力，而且产量低，需要专业人员和设备，使其成为例行检查的昂贵程序。每年病例数量的大幅增加进一步加剧了早期诊断和治疗的问题。为了解决上述问题，我们建议开发基于已知生物标记物的替代诊断和筛查方法，尽管在不同的样本基质中，如毛细血管和皮肤间质液。毛细血管和皮肤间质液体都与静脉血液处于恒定的平衡状态。建议方法的主要优点包括：1.可以使用柳叶刀获取毛细血管血液，而使用微针阵列贴片可以以微创方式获取皮肤间质液体2.在更简单的环境中，如临床医生的诊所或甚至是家庭环境，对患者进行几个生物标志物的筛查更容易，它还允许进行数年的跟踪分析3.基于毛细血管血液和皮肤间质液体的低成本诊断试剂盒的开发将有助于对大量人群的早期诊断和筛查，使其成为医疗保健系统负担得起的程序4。开发基于毛细血管血液和皮肤间质液体的低成本试剂盒也可以解决全球数量大幅增加的问题

Neurodegenerative disorders are usually detected by protein biomarkers. Current conventional methods employed for diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer Disease (AD) and dementia include imaging and extraction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and monitoring of biomarkers. These methods have several drawbacks which include:1.lumbar puncture for collection of CSF from the spinal cord is an invasive treatment with potential side effects2. screening of patients is often difficult and follow-up analysis of the same patient over several years is problematic3. these methods are time consuming and marred by low throughput and need for specialist personnel and equipment, making it an expensive procedure to be employed for routine check-ups4. a large increase in the number of cases every year further compounds the issue of early diagnosis and treatment To address the above we propose the development of alternative diagnosis and screening method based on employing known biomarkers albeit in different samples matrices such as capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid. Both capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid are in constant equilibrium with venous blood. The main advantages of proposed methods include:1.Capillary blood can be accessed using lancet whilst skin interstitial fluid can be accessed in a minimally invasive manner employing microneedle array patch 2. screening of patients for several biomarkers in simpler settings such as a Clinicians' practice or even home settings is easier, it also allows follow-up analysis over several years 3. development of low cost diagnostic kits based on capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid will facilitate early diagnosis and screening of large number of people making it an affordable procedure for healthcare systems4. development of low cost kits based on capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid can also address the issue of large increase of numbers, globally