RISK FACTORS FOR MUSICIAN UPPER EXTREMITY DISORDERS

器乐演奏者可能是最不被认可和最缺乏服务的大型职业群体，有上肢肌肉骨骼疾病(UEMSD)的高风险。这项研究将调查至少两个或可能三个音乐家联盟(S)代表1,000-1,500名成员的专业音乐家群体中UEMSD的横断面患病率以及一年累积发病率和持久性，根据自我报告的症状定义。每个联盟的活跃音乐人将被要求完成一份邮寄的问卷，内容包括主要(音乐)和次要工作的身体和心理社会压力来源，包括一般人体工程学暴露和音乐特有因素。其他项目将包括人口统计数据、病史和UEMSD症状。第一次调查的所有参与者将被要求在一年后完成第二次问卷调查。我们将估计在音乐和其他工作以及UEMSD的特定暴露频率，以及这些暴露对UEMSD的患病率、累积发病率和持久性的单独和综合贡献，包括身体(生物力学)和心理社会因素之间的相互作用，以及在次要工作中暴露的影响改变。风险因素的影响将按乐器类型、音乐工作类型、演奏年限和每周练习时数在专业音乐家中进行分析。这项研究的结果可能有助于预防这些障碍，为音乐家、音乐家组织/机构(音乐家团体、交响乐团、工会、音乐学院)的管理人员、教育工作者、乐器设计师和健康专业人员提供信息，用于1.开发和修改音乐培训计划(即，建立曲目序列或计划)；2.在制定工作要求和练习/工作时间表时纳入工作组织因素；3.重新设计乐器或设计外部支持设备或家具/工作空间；以及4.加强关于音乐家UEMSD的适当医疗和预防教育。

Instrumental musicians may constitute the least recognized and most under-served large occupational group at high risk for upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSD). This study will investigate the cross-sectional prevalence and the one-year cumulative incidence and persistence of UEMSD, as defined by self-reported symptoms, within a population of professional musicians belonging to at least two and possibly three musician union(s), representing 1000-1500 members. Active musicians in each union will be asked to complete a mailed questionnaire on physical and psychosocial stressors in both primary (music) and secondary jobs, covering both generic ergonomic exposures and music-specific factors. Other items will include demographics, medical history and UEMSD symptoms. All participants in the first survey will be asked to complete a second questionnaire, one year later. We will estimate the frequency of specific exposures in music and other jobs as well as of UEMSD, and the separate and combined contributions of these exposures in the prevalence, cumulative incidence and persistence of UEMSD, including interactions between physical (biomechanical) and psychosocial factors and effect modification by exposures in secondary jobs. The effects of risk factors will be analyzed among professional musicians as a whole, by type of instrument, type of musical work, duration of years played, and hours per week practiced. The results of this study could be useful in preventing these disorders, by providing information for musicians, administrators of musician organizations/institutions (musician groups, symphonies, unions, conservatories), educators, instrument designers, and health professionals to use in 1. developing and modifying music training programs (i.e., establishing sequence or program of repertoire); 2. incorporating work organization factors in establishing job requirements and practice/work schedules; 3. redesigning instruments or designing external supportive devices or furniture/work space; and 4. enhancing efforts toward appropriate medical treatment and prevention education regarding musicians' UEMSD.