DO ARCTIC PLANT-SOIL COMMUNITIES ACCLIMATE TO LONG TERM ELEVATED CO2 EXPOSURE?

北极植物土壤群落能适应长期升高的二氧化碳暴露吗？

• 批准号: NE/H023690/1
• 负责人: Dylan Jones
• 金额: $ 37.05万
• 依托单位: Aberystwyth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH023690%2F1
• 关键词: DO; ARCTIC; PLANT; SOIL; COMMUNITIES

Concentrations of greenhouse gases are rising as a result of continued industrial activity with consequences for our future climate. The biosphere has been suggested as a significant factor mitigating atmospheric change, through its capacity to respond to this change by sequestering additional carbon. Key to our understanding and evaluation of these processes is knowledge about the extent to which ecosystems acclimate to elevated CO2. Some research has indicated only short-term growth responses to elevated CO2, but these studies have often focussed on production responses ignoring more subtle shifts in whole ecosystem function. Even where acclimation has occurred, it is important to determine whether any new state of equilibrium results in altered ecosystem function, especially with regard to C loss or gain. Arctic ecosystems are of critical importance to global conservation and store up to one-third of global soil carbon reserves. Their stability under future atmospheric CO2 scenarios will have major influences on global biodiversity and warming. In this study we want to test whether arctic plant communities do not acclimate fully even with extended exposure to elevated CO2, that below-ground responses lag those above-ground and that exposure to elevated CO2 has a cumulative effect on ecosystem properties that influence ecosystem stability, resistance and resilience. As a result of anthropogenic gaseous emissions, the climate of Arctic regions is likely to alter, in particular with regard to temperature and precipitation. These changes, and other periodic perturbations will challenge the stability of current vegetation and soil microbial processes. Sub-arctic heath systems are also subject to periodic mass herbivory events, for example due to mass infestation by the moth Epirrita autumnata. We will therefore investigate field responses (leaf regrowth and soil respiration) to a simulated defoliation event. In a controlled environment facility, we will also investigate whether variations in soil temperature and moisture content will interact with the future capacity of Arctic soils to retain sequestered C under future elevated CO2. The information from this research programme is vital if we are to be able to make effective management decisions based on improved predictions from climate models. Specifically, the extent to which whole ecosystems acclimate to elevated CO2 is a key area of uncertainty in predicting and modelling future scenarios. Research findings will also significantly advance our understanding of the stability of Arctic ecosystems to perturbations under future climate change and important potential impacts on global biodiversity impacts.

由于持续的工业活动，温室气体的浓度正在上升，对我们未来的气候产生了影响。生物圈被认为是减缓大气变化的一个重要因素，因为它有能力通过吸收更多的碳来应对这种变化。我们理解和评估这些过程的关键是了解生态系统对CO2浓度升高的适应程度。一些研究表明，只有短期的增长响应CO2浓度升高，但这些研究往往侧重于生产的反应，忽略了更微妙的变化，在整个生态系统的功能。即使在驯化已经发生，重要的是要确定是否有任何新的平衡状态的结果改变生态系统功能，特别是关于碳的损失或增益。北极生态系统对全球保护至关重要，储存了全球土壤碳储量的三分之一。它们在未来大气CO2情景下的稳定性将对全球生物多样性和变暖产生重大影响。在这项研究中，我们想测试北极植物群落是否不完全适应，即使延长暴露于CO2浓度升高，地下的反应滞后于地上的，暴露于CO2浓度升高对生态系统特性的累积影响，影响生态系统的稳定性，抵抗力和恢复力。由于人为的气体排放，北极地区的气候可能会发生变化，特别是在温度和降水方面。这些变化和其他周期性扰动将挑战当前植被和土壤微生物过程的稳定性。亚北极荒原系统也受到周期性大规模食草事件的影响，例如由于蛾Epirrita autumnata的大规模侵扰。因此，我们将调查现场响应（叶片再生和土壤呼吸）模拟落叶事件。在一个受控的环境设施，我们还将调查土壤温度和水分含量的变化是否会与北极土壤的未来能力，以保持封存的C在未来升高的CO2。如果我们要能够根据气候模型的改进预测做出有效的管理决策，那么来自该研究计划的信息至关重要。具体而言，整个生态系统适应CO2升高的程度是预测和模拟未来情景的一个关键不确定领域。研究结果还将大大提高我们对北极生态系统在未来气候变化下的稳定性以及对全球生物多样性影响的重要潜在影响的认识。

项目成果

UV responses of Lolium perenne raised along a latitudinal gradient across Europe: a filtration study

欧洲黑麦草的紫外线响应沿纬度梯度升高：一项过滤研究

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01591.x
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Physiologia Plantarum
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Comont D

The functional quality of decomposing litter outputs from an Arctic plant community is affected by long-term exposure to enhanced UV-B

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.052
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Ecological Indicators
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Alan G. Jones;J. Bussell;A. Winters;J. Scullion;D. Gwynn‐Jones

Soils as carbon sinks or sources: from mid-Wales to the Arctic

土壤作为碳汇或碳源：从威尔士中部到北极

• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: IBERS Knowledge Based Innovations
• 作者: Jones AG

Enhanced UV-B and elevated CO(2) impacts sub-arctic shrub berry abundance, quality and seed germination.

UV-B 增强和 CO(2) 升高会影响亚北极灌木浆果的丰度、质量和种子发芽。

• DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0311-4
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Ambio
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Gwynn-Jones D

Carbon spenders or savers in a CO2-rich world?

在二氧化碳含量丰富的世界中，碳消耗者还是节约者？

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: NERC Planet Earth
• 作者: Jones AG