PREDICTORS AND PARAMETERS OF HUMAN GRIEVING

最近对丧亲文献的评论注意到了这种缺失 对处理损失的传统模型的经验支持 以及基础研究的需要，旨在建立 悲伤体验的参数，这种体验可能如何与 其他压力和抑郁反应，以及基本的认知， 情绪、应对和个性变量可能会影响 悲痛的过程。根据这些需要，拟议的研究 将利用前瞻性的纵向设计来检查特定的 与悲伤的参数和预测因素有关的问题。一个 一组访谈和问卷评估将是 在丧亲后2至4个月内实施。初级阶段 依赖措施将在14个月和25个月后再次重复- 损失。此外，要区分规范性和 丧亲的特定过程，已婚成年人的匹配样本 将使用类似的工具在大约 同样的时间进程。第一个目标将是从经验上建立 通过心理测量学分析确定悲伤特有症状的参数 通过对访谈数据和基于访谈的悲痛的分析 Score的收敛效度和区分效度 一般苦恼的问卷和访谈测量 抑郁和创伤症状。第二个目标将集中在 测量基本的认知、情感和人格过程 在丧亲期间，并建立他们的预测关系 走向悲痛之路。这些变量包括与 体验和表达与失落、应对相关的情绪 特定于失落、个性的行为和策略 与主观调节相关的维度，例如，性情 自欺欺人和一般功能，例如五要素 模型，关于损失的口头披露，以及个人意义 损失的损失。这五套基本尺寸就是 被视为纵向悲痛和健康进程的预测因子。这个 它们之间的相互关系及其独特的预测效用 将使用分层回归建立一组预测值 和通径分析。最终目标将是检查以下范围 悲伤症状及其与预测因子和调节因子的关系 变量响应两种不同类型的损失，损失 配偶和孩子的损失。

Recent reviews of the bereavement literature have noted the absence of empirical support for traditional models of coping with loss as well as the need for basic research aimed at establishing the parameters of grief experience, how such experience might relate to other stress and depressive responses, and which basic cognitive, emotional, coping, and personality variables might influence the course of grief. In accord with these needs, the proposed study will utilize a prospective longitudinal design to examine specific questions related to the parameters and predictors of grieving. A battery of interview and questionnaire assessments will be administered between 2 and 4 months into bereavement. The primary dependent measures will be repeated again at 14 and 25 months post- loss. In addition, to distinguish between normative and bereavement-specific processes, a matched sample of married adults will be assessed using similar instruments over approximately the same time course. A first aim will be to empirically establish the parameters of grief-specific symptoms through psychometric analyses of interview data and through analyses of the interview-based grief score's convergent and discriminate validity in relation to questionnaire and interview measures of general distress and depressive and trauma symptoms. A second aim will focus on measuring basic cognitive, emotional, and personality processes during bereavement and establishing their predictive relationship to grief course. These include variables pertaining to the experience and expression of emotion related to the loss, coping behaviors and strategies specific to the loss, personality dimensions related to subjective regulation, e.g., dispositional self-deception, and to general functioning, e.g., the Five-Factor Model, verbal-disclosure about the loss, and the personal meaning of the loss. These five sets of basic dimensions will be then examined as predictors of longitudinal grief and health course. The inter-relationship among, and unique predictive utility of, each set of predictors will be established using hierarchical regression and path analyses. A final aim will be to examine the range of grief symptoms and their relationship to predictor and moderator variables in response to two different types of losses, the loss of a spouse and the loss of a child.