Female limited Batesian mimicry: epistasis and the path to perfection
女性有限的贝茨拟态:上位性与完美之路
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/I021578/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 37.42万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Fellowship
- 财政年份:2011
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2011 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The African Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus is one of the original, and most iconic, examples of Batesian mimicry. The species exhibits more than a dozen different female colour forms all controlled by a single genetic locus, which has been termed H. Intriguing is the problem of how these diverse morphs were acquired in the evolutionary history of P. dardanus, as mimics have to leave the adaptive peak provided by a protective phenotype to reach another position providing equal or even better protection. Hitherto largely unproven postulates of a 'supergene' could explain the complex effects of the H locus. In addition, the supergene hypothesis proposed a two-step model of evolution, by which 'large-effect' mutations provide general resemblance with a novel model, which is subsequently refined by so-called 'modifiers'. The proposed study is an attempt to test this model and hence to understand how morphological diversity is generated in nature. My recent molecular characterisation of the H locus has revealed truly exciting facts about the corresponding region of the genome and hints at a possible mechanism. I have found that two closely similar genes, engrailed and invected, coding for transcription factors, are located at H and specific alleles are genetically fully associated with particular morphs. This would solve the question about the identity of H on a molecular level, but not its function. In order to produce the great morphological diversity, the H gene products have to interact with a signalling cascade of upstream and/or downstream components. What are these components, and how do they differ among morphs? Do the observed differences corroborate the hypothesized modifiers as a means of gradual evolution (as proposed by Darwin but not proven where evolutionary large steps may be more plausible)? This study will use latest DNA technology to resolve these questions. First, using DNA footprinting techniques I will investigate how the engrailed/invected region is regulated, i.e. which transcription factors bind to it and where exactly? Do these footprints differ among morphs, and if so, what are the implications for the mechanism? Second, I will investigate what genes are controlled by the engrailed/invected transcription factors, again searching for differences among the morphs. Third, a genetic approach is used to understand the components of the H controlled signalling cascade, by mapping potential modifiers. Finally, as the polymorphism is limited to the females, while males have a very different appearance, the specification of the morphs also has to link to sex determination. This is a particularly intriguing aspect which will be studied by assessing the described gene expression experiments separately in males and females (and also including 'male-like females' which resemble the males). The study will resolve the question about how major steps in morphological evolution are manifest in the genome, how they relate to morphological (or other trait) variation, and to what degree these changes are due to complexity of network interactions, rather than changes in particular loci.
非洲模仿者燕尾凤蝶(英语:African Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus)是最原始、最具代表性的模仿蝙蝠的例子之一。该物种展示了十几种不同的雌性颜色形式,所有这些都由一个单一的遗传位点控制,这被称为H。有趣的是这些不同的变种是如何在P. dardanus的进化历史中获得的问题,因为模仿者必须离开由保护表型提供的适应性高峰,以达到另一个提供同等甚至更好保护的位置。迄今为止,很大程度上未经证实的“超基因”假设可以解释H基因座的复杂效应。此外,表基因假说提出了一个两步进化模型,通过“大效应”突变提供了与新模型的一般相似性,随后通过所谓的“修饰物”进行改进。拟议中的研究是试图测试这个模型,从而了解形态多样性是如何产生的性质。我最近对H基因座的分子表征揭示了关于基因组相应区域的真正令人兴奋的事实,并暗示了一种可能的机制。我发现,两个非常相似的基因,nrawiled和invected,编码转录因子,位于H和特定的等位基因在遗传上与特定的变体完全相关。这将在分子水平上解决H的身份问题,但不是它的功能。为了产生巨大的形态多样性,H基因产物必须与上游和/或下游组分的信号级联相互作用。这些组件是什么?它们在变体之间有何不同?观察到的差异是否证实了假设的修饰语是渐进进化的一种手段(如达尔文所提出的,但在进化的大步骤可能更合理的地方没有得到证明)?本研究将利用最新的DNA技术来解决这些问题。首先,使用DNA足迹技术,我将调查如何enrailed/invected区域的调节,即哪些转录因子结合到它和确切的位置?这些足迹在变体之间是否有所不同?如果有,对机制的影响是什么?第二,我将研究哪些基因是由enrailed/invected转录因子控制的,再次寻找变体之间的差异。第三,遗传学的方法是用来了解H控制的信号级联的组件,通过映射潜在的修饰符。最后,由于多态性仅限于女性,而男性具有非常不同的外观,因此变体的规格也必须与性别决定有关。这是一个特别有趣的方面,将通过分别评估雄性和雌性(也包括类似于雄性的“雄性样雌性”)中描述的基因表达实验来研究。该研究将解决形态进化中的主要步骤如何在基因组中表现出来的问题,它们如何与形态(或其他性状)变异相关,以及这些变化在多大程度上是由于网络相互作用的复杂性,而不是特定位点的变化。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Intraspecific genetic variation in complex assemblages from mitochondrial metagenomics: comparison with DNA barcodes
- DOI:10.1111/2041-210x.12667
- 发表时间:2017-02-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.6
- 作者:Gomez-Rodriguez, Carola;Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N.;Vogler, Alfried P.
- 通讯作者:Vogler, Alfried P.
Soup to Tree: The Phylogeny of Beetles Inferred by Mitochondrial Metagenomics of a Bornean Rainforest Sample.
- DOI:10.1093/molbev/msv111
- 发表时间:2015-09
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:10.7
- 作者:Crampton-Platt A;Timmermans MJ;Gimmel ML;Kutty SN;Cockerill TD;Vun Khen C;Vogler AP
- 通讯作者:Vogler AP
Bulk de novo mitogenome assembly from pooled total DNA elucidates the phylogeny of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea).
- DOI:10.1093/molbev/msu154
- 发表时间:2014-08
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:10.7
- 作者:Gillett CP;Crampton-Platt A;Timmermans MJ;Jordal BH;Emerson BC;Vogler AP
- 通讯作者:Vogler AP
Validating the power of mitochondrial metagenomics for community ecology and phylogenetics of complex assemblages
- DOI:10.1111/2041-210x.12376
- 发表时间:2015-08-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.6
- 作者:Gomez-Rodriguez, Carola;Crampton-Platt, Alex;Vogler, Alfried P.
- 通讯作者:Vogler, Alfried P.
Metagenome Skimming of Insect Specimen Pools: Potential for Comparative Genomics.
- DOI:10.1093/gbe/evv086
- 发表时间:2015-05-14
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.3
- 作者:Linard B;Crampton-Platt A;Gillett CP;Timmermans MJ;Vogler AP
- 通讯作者:Vogler AP
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