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Mapping groundwater quality degradation beneath growing rural towns in sub-Saharan Africa

绘制撒哈拉以南非洲不断发展的农村城镇地下水质量退化情况图

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L002078/1
负责人：
Daniel Lapworth
金额：
$ 13.26万
依托单位：
British Geological Survey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL002078%2F1
关键词：
Mapping groundwater quality degradation beneath

项目摘要

Groundwater is often more reliable and less vulnerable to pollution than surface water, and more resilient to climate variability. Many expanding urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are dependent on groundwater for water-supply. However, urban groundwater is impacted by pollution from latrines, domestic waste and industrial activities. The change from rural to urban landuse causes dramatic changes in groundwater recharge, as well as in water quality and demand. Despite government and NGO efforts to increase access to safe groundwater, the most vulnerable in these areas still rely on inadequate sources of deteriorating quality. Safe water is important for domestic use, economic activities and industry, as well as public services. Groundwater resources beneath growing rural towns in SSA are poorly understood compared to large cities (e.g. Lusaka, Lagos and Dakar) and there has been a recent focus on rural settings. Given the large numbers of smaller but rapidly growing rural, groundwater-dependent towns in SSA, the development of effective strategies to protect the resource from inevitable contamination is a priority. This requires this resource to be effectively characterised and for practical tools to be developed for mapping risk to groundwater resources that can be used across SSA. This proposal focuses on improving our understanding of the impact of urban development on groundwater quality in SSA. As part of this a groundwater risk mapping tool for use in different development scenarios will be develop and tested, enabling this approach to be used in other towns in SSA with minimal resources. As part of this work a comprehensive review of the current understanding, drawing on published and grey literature, of groundwater quality beneath urban centres across SSA will be assessed. An interdisciplinary pilot study will investigate groundwater quality beneath zones of contrasting development within a rural town and compare this with the quality of 'natural' water in adjacent rural settings. The comparison will be used to test the mapping approach. Zambia is a lower-middle income country in SSA, where it is estimated that around 30% of people don't have access to safe drinking water. This pilot study will include the collection of new microbiological and hydrochemical data. Water quality will be investigated in contrasting rainfall/recharge conditions to characterise contamination risk during intense rainfall. In-situ organic matter fluorescence techniques will be piloted as potential tools for tracking and screening for waste water pollution in groundwater. This study will test new methods and help develop a good scientific base for guiding research, policy and development for groundwater management rural towns in SSA. The outputs from this work will be novel, and have applications across SSA. This work will culminate in a workshop to disseminate and discuss findings with key stakeholders from Zambia and across SSA.

地下水往往比地表水更可靠，更不易受污染，对气候变化的适应能力也更强。撒哈拉以南非洲许多不断扩大的城市地区依赖地下水供水。然而，城市地下水受到厕所、生活垃圾和工业活动污染的影响。从农村到城市的土地使用变化导致地下水补给以及水质和需求发生巨大变化。尽管政府和非政府组织努力增加获得安全地下水的机会，但这些地区最脆弱的人仍然依赖质量不断恶化的不充足水源。安全用水对家庭用水、经济活动和工业以及公共服务都很重要。与大城市（如卢萨卡、拉各斯和达喀尔）相比，对撒南非洲不断发展的农村城镇地下水资源了解甚少，最近的重点是农村地区。鉴于撒南非洲有大量规模较小但发展迅速的农村、依赖地下水的城镇，制定有效的战略以保护资源不受不可避免的污染是一个优先事项。这就需要对这种资源进行有效的描述，并开发实用的工具来绘制可在整个SSA使用的地下水资源风险图。该提案的重点是提高我们对城市发展对撒哈拉以南非洲地下水质量影响的认识。作为这项工作的一部分，将开发和测试用于不同发展情景的地下水风险绘图工具，使这种方法能够在资源最少的撒哈拉以南非洲其他城镇使用。作为这项工作的一部分，目前的理解，借鉴出版和灰色文献，地下水水质在整个SSA城市中心的全面审查将进行评估。一项跨学科的试点研究将调查一个农村城镇内对比发展区域下的地下水质量，并将其与邻近农村环境中的"自然"水质量进行比较。比较将用于测试映射方法。赞比亚是撒哈拉以南非洲的一个中低收入国家，据估计，约30%的人无法获得安全的饮用水。这项试点研究将包括收集新的微生物和水化学数据。将在对比降雨/补给条件下对水质进行调查，以消除强降雨期间的污染风险。将试行现场有机物荧光技术，作为跟踪和筛查地下水中废水污染的潜在工具。这项研究将测试新方法，并有助于为指导撒哈拉以南非洲农村城镇地下水管理的研究、政策和发展奠定良好的科学基础。这项工作的产出将是新颖的，并在整个SSA的应用。这项工作最终将举办一次讲习班，与赞比亚和整个撒南地区的主要利益攸关方传播和讨论调查结果。