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SWAAMI (South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions)

SWAAMI（西南亚气溶胶季风相互作用）

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L013851/1
负责人：
Eleanor Highwood
金额：
$ 33.32万
依托单位：
University of Reading
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL013851%2F1
关键词：
SWAAMI South West Asian Aerosol

项目摘要

Aerosol particles from pollution sources across the Indian subcontinent form a dense and extensive haze across India and the Bay of Bengal that increases in extent and magnitude in advance of the monsoon. As the aerosols, a large fraction of which arises from wood and charcoal fired cookstoves, absorb solar radiation as well as scatter it they can affect the heat balance of the lower atmosphere. It has been hypothesised that this aerosol can influence the monsoon through its role in redistribution of heat across the region in the pre-monsoon, and model studies have demonstrated that such effects can be important. However, current comparisons show model to model variability and under-prediction compared to observations, a strong indication that detailed aerosol properties are poorly represented in current models. The lack of accurate representation of aerosol in these models is compounded by a lack of measurements of sufficient accuracy and sensitivity to elucidate fundamental properties such as component mass, mixing state and optical properties, which need to be well characterised to improve model performance. This is limiting predictive capability at the present time and hence preventing the influence of aerosol in the Indian monsoon to be quantified. In addition to reproducing detailed properties of aerosol, models need to be able to accurately represent the horizontal and vertical distribution of different aerosols to predict their effects. As the monsoon progresses, pollution aerosol are removed by precipitation, but also lofted by convection. Dust advected from deserts to the west above the moist monsoonal flow become significant through the season. It is important that these aerosol layers are accurately represented in models and that robust measurements are available to rigorously challenge model predictions.SWAAMI will contribute to the joint NERC-MoES programme "Drivers of Variability in the Asian Monsoon" through a detailed determination of aerosol physical and chemical properties across India in the advance of, and during, the Indian monsoon using UK and Indian research aircraft. The measurements will deliver a chemical and physical characterisation of the aerosol that is considerably more detailed than any previous and will enable assessment of aerosol composition and mixing state, provide source characterisation and deliver quantification of aerosol optical properties such as extinction, absorption and single scattering albedo. Such detailed characterisation will allow us to test representations of aerosol properties in regional and global climate models. Our planned aircraft measurements will be combined with syntheses of long term data from across the continent and previous field studies to provide a data set that can challenge how well models represent aerosol across the region. Improving model representations of aerosol properties and testing the extent to which this improves model performance against data will provide a framework for ensuring model aerosol schemes improve and in doing so will allow us to make more reliable predictions of aerosols effects on the heat budget of the region and hence improve our knowledge of how aerosols may influence the Indian monsoon.

来自印度次大陆污染源的气溶胶颗粒在印度和孟加拉湾形成了浓密而广泛的雾霾，在季风来临之前，雾霾的范围和程度都会增加。由于气溶胶（其中很大一部分来自燃木和木炭的炉灶）吸收并散射太阳辐射，因此会影响低层大气的热平衡。据推测，这种气溶胶可以通过其在季风前的整个地区热量重新分配中的作用来影响季风，模型研究已经证明这种影响可能很重要。然而，当前的比较表明，与观测结果相比，模型间存在差异且预测不足，这强烈表明当前模型中详细的气溶胶特性未能得到很好的体现。这些模型中缺乏对气溶胶的准确表示，而且缺乏足够准确度和灵敏度的测量来阐明成分质量、混合状态和光学特性等基本特性，需要对其进行良好表征以提高模型性能。这限制了目前的预测能力，因此无法量化气溶胶对印度季风的影响。除了再现气溶胶的详细特性之外，模型还需要能够准确地表示不同气溶胶的水平和垂直分布，以预测其影响。随着季风的进行，污染气溶胶会被降水清除，但也会因对流而上升。在整个季节，从沙漠平流到潮湿季风流上方向西的沙尘变得显着。重要的是，这些气溶胶层必须在模型中准确表示，并且可以进行可靠的测量，以严格挑战模型预测。SWAAMI 将使用英国和印度研究飞机，通过在印度季风提前和期间详细确定印度各地的气溶胶物理和化学特性，为 NERC-MoES 联合项目“亚洲季风变化的驱动因素”做出贡献。这些测量将提供气溶胶的化学和物理特征，该特征比以前的任何方法都更加详细，并且能够评估气溶胶成分和混合状态，提供源特征并提供气溶胶光学特性（例如消光、吸收和单散射反照率）的量化。这种详细的表征将使我们能够测试区域和全球气候模型中气溶胶特性的表征。我们计划的飞机测量将与整个大陆的长期数据和之前的实地研究的综合相结合，以提供一个数据集，可以挑战模型代表整个地区气溶胶的程度。改进气溶胶特性的模型表示，并根据数据测试模型性能的改善程度，将为确保模型气溶胶方案的改进提供一个框架，这样做将使我们能够更可靠地预测气溶胶对该地区热收支的影响，从而提高我们对气溶胶如何影响印度季风的了解。