Understanding ecostytem stocks and tipping points in UK blanket peatlands (short form: Peatland Tipping Points)

了解英国覆盖泥炭地的生态系统储量和临界点（简称：泥炭地临界点）

• 批准号: NE/P00783X/1
• 负责人: Mark Reed
• 金额: $ 47.09万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP00783X%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; ecostytem; stocks; tipping; points

The aim of this project is to use UK peatlands as a case system in which to understand how the combined effects of climate change and changes in land use and management (and other drivers, such as atmospheric deposition) may trigger tipping points in the provision ecosystem services. The project will specifically consider tipping points for water quality, climate mitigation and cultural services including biodiversity, recreation, tourism and sense of place. The research will then assess the economic, social and cultural value of avoiding these tipping points versus reaching them, and we will use these insights to inform management and policy to enhance the resilience of natural systems to abrupt changes in future. As the most extensive and well-understood peatland habitat, we focus on blanket bogs, which are the UK's single largest carbon stock. The project will produce research findings in three themes: 1. Triggers: the research will consider how changes in climate, land use and management might trigger regime shifts in in blanket peatlands to degraded states. It will consider the range of biophysical and social factors that may influence whether these shifts also trigger tipping points in the provision of ecosystem services over space and time. Where possible, we will identify early warnings that may indicate systems are heading towards tipping points2. Values: the research will assess the likely ecological, economic, social and cultural impacts of reaching tipping points in the provision of climate regulation, water quality and cultural services (including biodiversity) in blanket peatlands, and provide decision-makers with holistic evidence to guide decisions about whether, where and how to restore these habitats to avoid tipping points for specific ecosystem services3. Adaptive management: working closely with stakeholders, the research will consider how different forms of peatland restoration might move blanket peatlands from current degraded states to desirable new stable states that can adaptively sustain the provision of ecosystem services from peatlands under future climate change. Working in collaboration with the IUCN UK Peatland Programme, the owners of the UK Peatland Code, the projects will explore opportunities for private investment combined with existing agri-environment scheme to adaptively manage and avoid tipping points in peatland ecosystem services.Research findings from each of these themes will provide a range of benefits for policy and practice:* Evidence of ecosystem service tipping points in UK blanket peatlands that can help prioritise policy measures to prevent key tipping points being reached. Recommendations will include practical restoration and other management options that could be incentivised via Rural Development Programmes , Peatland Action (in Scotland) and the UK Peatland Code, and spatial targeting of incentives and measures to systems and locations where tipping points are most likely to occur* Evidence that could be used to inform an economic case for investment in peatland restoration, both in terms of avoiding future economic costs and social impacts* Policy-makers, third sector organisations and practitioners will have early warning indicators that can be easily and effectively used to identify and avoid imminent tipping points* Evidence to better articulate and quantify the benefits of peatland restoration for delaying and/or avoiding tipping points for multiple ecosystem services as part of the business case for investment in peatland restoration, for UK Peatland Code & Natural Capital Committee

该项目的目的是以英国泥炭地为案例系统，了解气候变化和土地利用和管理(以及其他驱动因素，如大气沉积)变化的综合影响如何可能触发提供生态系统服务的临界点。该项目将具体考虑水质、气候缓解和文化服务的临界点，包括生物多样性、娱乐、旅游和地方感。然后，研究将评估避免这些临界点与达到临界点的经济、社会和文化价值，我们将利用这些见解为管理层和政策提供信息，以增强自然系统对未来突然变化的弹性。作为最广泛和最广为人知的泥炭地栖息地，我们专注于毯子沼泽，这是英国最大的单一碳库。该项目将产生三个主题的研究成果：1.触发因素：研究将考虑气候、土地利用和管理的变化可能如何引发从毯子状泥炭地到退化状态的制度转变。它将考虑可能影响这些转变是否也会在空间和时间上触发提供生态系统服务的临界点的生物物理和社会因素的范围。在可能的情况下，我们将识别可能表明系统正走向临界点的早期警告2。价值：该研究将评估在提供气候调节、水质和文化服务(包括生物多样性)方面达到临界点可能产生的生态、经济、社会和文化影响，并为决策者提供全面的证据，以指导是否、在哪里以及如何恢复这些栖息地的决策，以避免特定生态系统服务的临界点3。适应性管理：研究将与利益攸关方密切合作，考虑不同形式的泥炭地恢复如何将泥炭地从目前的退化状态转变为理想的新稳定状态，以便在未来气候变化下自适应地维持泥炭地生态系统服务的提供。这些项目将与《英国泥炭地代码》的所有者IUCN英国泥炭地计划合作，探索私人投资的机会，并结合现有的农业环境计划，自适应地管理和避免泥炭地生态系统服务的临界点。每个主题的研究结果都将为政策和实践提供一系列好处：*英国毛毯泥炭地生态系统服务临界点的证据，有助于确定政策措施的优先顺序，以防止达到关键临界点。建议将包括可以通过农村发展计划、泥炭地行动(在苏格兰)和英国泥炭地代码来激励的实际恢复和其他管理选择，以及针对最有可能发生临界点的系统和地点的激励措施和空间目标*可以用来为投资于泥炭地恢复的经济案例提供信息的证据，无论是在避免未来的经济成本和社会影响方面*政策制定者，第三部门组织和从业者将拥有早期预警指标，可轻松有效地识别和避免迫在眉睫的转折点*证据，以更好地阐明和量化泥炭地恢复对于延迟和/或避免多种生态系统服务转折点的好处，作为投资于泥炭地恢复的商业案例的一部分，为英国泥炭地代码和自然资本委员会

项目成果

More in Good Condition or Less in Bad Condition? Valence-Based Framing Effects in Environmental Valuation

状况良好的多还是状况差的少？

• DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.051920-0067r1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Land Economics
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Faccioli M

Comment on: "Peatland carbon stocks and burn history: Blanket bog peat core evidence highlights charcoal impacts on peat physical properties and long-term carbon storage," by A. Heinemeyer, Q. Asena, W. L. Burn and A. L. Jones ( Geo: Geography and Environment 2018; e00063)

评论：“泥炭地碳储量和燃烧历史：一揽子沼泽泥炭核心证据强调了木炭对泥炭物理特性和长期碳储存的影响”，作者：A. Heinemeyer、Q. Asena、W. L. Burn 和 A. L. Jones（《地理：地理与地理》）

• DOI: 10.1002/geo2.75
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geography and Environment
• 作者: Evans C

Experimental evidence for sustained carbon sequestration in fire-managed, peat moorlands

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0266-6
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Marrs, R. H.;Marsland, E-L;Chiverrell, R. C.
• 通讯作者: Chiverrell, R. C.

The opportunity cost of delaying climate action: Peatland restoration and resilience to climate change

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102323
• 发表时间: 2021-07-23
• 期刊: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Glenk, Klaus;Faccioli, Michela;Potts, Jacqueline
• 通讯作者: Potts, Jacqueline

Validity of managing peatlands with fire

用火管理泥炭地的有效性

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0477-5
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Baird A