CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

建议对RSA进行两次访问，第一次(1999年11月1日至3月31日)以实现上文第18节所列目标1)和3)，第二次(7/L/00至1/31/01)以实现目标2)和4)。在1980‘S对纳米比亚儿童癌症的调查将在访问1期间更新。如果Herero儿童中脑瘤的高比率持续存在，申请者和RSA合作者将在纳米比亚的第一次调查中开发一种用于脑瘤儿童组织块的分子分析的方案。在两次访问之间返回美国时，将与美国同事讨论这一协议。两次访问的间隔时间还将允许申请人了解她在美国进行的研究的进行和进展情况。访问2的目的是测试部落饮用水、食物和土壤中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的水平，如果被认为是可取的和可行的，还将收集儿童脑瘤患者及其父母的口腔冲洗液。提案国希望在第一次访问期间指导建立西开普省儿童癌症登记处，他认为可以利用两个以医院为基础的登记处为1983-1999年期间建立登记处。在访问2期间，在登记数据可供分析后，计划调查儿童白血病、脑癌和其他儿童癌症的描述性流行病学，考察一些人口因素，包括族裔和居住地(城市与农村和开普敦核电站附近)，并根据指示启动进一步研究。上述目标5)将在两次访问期间实现。

Two visits to RSA are proposed, the first (11/1/99) to 3/31/00) to achieve aims 1) and 3) listed above in section 18, and the second (7/l/00 to 1/31/01) to pursue aims 2) and 4). The survey done in the 1980's of childhood cancer in Namibia will be updated during visit 1. If the high rate of brain tumors among Herero children persists, the applicant and RSA collaborators will develop a protocol for molecular analysis of tissue blocks from children with brain tumors in the first survey in Namibia. This protocol will be discussed with US colleagues on return to the US between visits. The interval between visits will also allow the applicant to check in on the conduct and progress of her US-based research. Visit 2 will aim to test tribal drinking water, foods and soil for levels of nitrate and nitrite, and, if deemed desirable and feasible, to collect buccal washings from pediatric brain tumor patients and their parents. The sponsor would like guidance during visit 1 in setting up a registry of childhood cancers for Western Cape Province, which he contends can be constituted for the period 1983-1999 by using the two provincial hospital-based registries. During visit 2, after registry data are available for analysis, plans are to investigate the descriptive epidemiology of childhood leukemia, brain cancers and other childhood cancers looking at a number of demographic factors including ethnicity and area of residence (urban versus rural and proximity to the Cape Town nuclear power station), and to initiate further studies as indicated. Aim 5) above will be pursued during both visits.