PHARMACOLOGIC AND BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING

研究感觉运动方面的单独效应和联合效应 吸烟与尼古丁的药理作用：80例吸烟者 评价尼古丁输注的主观效果(持续输注或 脉冲注射)与生理盐水注射，以及脱尼古丁香烟与 无烟，采用3X2设计。第七种情况出现高 尼古丁香烟烟雾(通常牌子)。尼古丁的剂量和比率 在所有情况下使用都等同于随意吸烟 在过夜戒断后，如前一次基线会议所衡量。 去尼古丁香烟烟雾显著降低了烟瘾，并被评为 比注入尼古丁更令人满意和更有回报。 静脉注射尼古丁也减少了对香烟的渴望，以及 越来越多的人感到头晕和眩晕。根本没有 与尼古丁注射相关的显著欣快感。这个 静脉注射尼古丁和吸去尼古丁香烟的组合 产生的效果与吸高尼古丁香烟的效果相似。 这些结果表明，感觉运动因素在生产中起着关键作用。 对吸烟的直接主观反应和直接的 尼古丁的积极主观后果，剂量与 从香烟烟雾中获得的，都是微妙的。

To study the separate and combined effects of the sensorimotor aspects of cigarette smoking and the pharmacologic effects of nicotine, 80 smokers rated the subjective effects of nicotine infusion (continuous infusion or pulsed injections) vs saline infusion, and de-nicotinized cigarettes vs no-smoking, in a 3 X 2 design. A seventh condition presented high nicotine cigarette smoke (usual brand). The dose and rate of nicotine administration in all conditions were equated to those of ad lib smoking after overnight abstinence, as measured in a previous baseline session. De-nicotinized cigarette smoke significantly reduced craving and was rated as significantly more satisfying and rewarding than nicotine infusions. Intravenous nicotine also reduced craving for cigarettes, as well as increasing ratings of lightheadedness and dizziness. There was no significant euphoria associated with nicotine infusions. The combination of intravenous nicotine and smoking a de-nicotinized cigarette produced effects similar to those of smoking a high-nicotine cigarette. These results suggest that sensorimotor factors are critical in producing the immediate subjective response to smoking and that the immediate positive subjective consequences of nicotine, in doses similar to those obtained from cigarette smoke, are subtle.