(KE Fellowship) Building resilience: Support and Advice for Volcanic Emergency Response (SAVER)

世界上大约十分之一的人口生活在火山灾害的潜在足迹内，火山活动经常造成生命损失，自1900年以来约有90 000人死亡。世界各地火山的人口不断增加，意味着即使是相对较小的喷发也可能对当地社区产生非常重大的影响，因为它们被火山流或福尔斯淹没，掩埋和摧毁房屋和基础设施，造成居民伤亡。通过充分的准备和培训，可以改进救援工作和搜索救援行动。应急管理人员、援助机构和应急响应人员（如军队、应急服务、搜救组织）必须迅速了解和评估情况，以识别影响的规模和幸存者的可能性、自身面临的风险以及减少损失和促进更好结果的有效策略。然而，在过去20年中，世界上86个火山活跃的国家中只有40个经历过火山爆发，更少的国家有应对人口稠密地区火山紧急情况的经验。因此，很少有应急人员或相关决策者对火山爆发有任何个人或专业经验。该研究金将形成一个跨学科协作社区，使学术界、地质机构、火山观测站和应急反应等利益攸关方能够分享和交流相关知识，共同开发一系列可获取的资源。这些知识的综合将有助于为有效的应急规划和行动提供信息，使响应者能够识别危险和警告信号，并采取适当行动减少他们自己和他们寻求帮助的人的风险，最终目标是减少响应者之间的死亡和受伤，提高伤亡人员的生存率并促进有效的恢复行动。学术界、援助机构和观测站科学家已经建立，以便为制定这一建议和研究金提供信息，从而能够广泛确定火山应急反应的需求。这将通过与火山活跃地区的用户接触得到进一步发展。满足这些需求所需的知识可以在联合王国和海外的经验和专业知识以及科学和灰色文献中获得。资源将与项目合作者和用户共同设计。这些资源将包括：火山应对准则，这是许多灾害的标准准则，但目前没有火山准则;技术简报，以便更深入地了解各种因素;培训材料。将与最终用户一起评估和修改资源，包括举办国内讲习班和培训活动。包括危地马拉和加勒比地区在内的案例研究地点将使重点讨论和满足当地的具体需求和敏感性成为可能，新西兰将成为最佳做法的重点。通过一系列讲习班、问卷调查和与用户的访谈进行共同开发，将有助于查明和克服障碍，促进认同感和主人翁感，并鼓励采用。将建立一个全球火山应急网络，作为一个实践社区，鼓励全球社会分享资源、故事、经验和专门知识。这些资源将由全球火山模型（GVM）和国际火山健康危害网络（IVHHN）在线托管，以确保其寿命。

About a tenth of the world's population live within the potential footprint of volcanic hazards, and lives are regularly lost through volcanic activity, with about 90,000 deaths since 1900. Growing populations around the world's volcanoes means that even relatively small eruptions may have very significant impacts in local communities, as they are inundated with volcanic flows or falls, burying and destroying homes and infrastructure and killing and injuring inhabitants. Relief efforts and search and rescue (SAR) operations can be improved through thorough preparation and training. Emergency managers, aid agencies and emergency responders (e.g. military, emergency services, SAR organisations) must rapidly understand and assess the situation to recognise the scale of the impact and the likelihood of survivors, the risks to themselves, and effective strategies to reduce losses and promote better outcomes. However, only 40 of over 86 volcanically active countries in the world have experienced eruptions in the last 20 years, and fewer still have experience of responding to a volcanic emergency in a populated area. Few emergency responders or related decision makers therefore have any personal or professional experience of eruptions. This fellowship will form an inter-disciplinary collaborative community, enabling the sharing and flow of relevant knowledge among stakeholders, including in academia, geological agencies, volcano observatories and emergency response, to co-develop a series of accessible resources. The synthesis of this knowledge will help inform effective emergency planning and operations, enabling responders to recognise hazards and warning signs, and take appropriate action to reduce the risk to themselves and those they're seeking to help, with the ultimate aim of reducing deaths and injuries amongst responders, improving survival rates for casualties and facilitating effective recovery operations.A network of stakeholders, including first responders, academics, aid agencies, and observatory scientists has been built to inform the development of this proposal and fellowship, allowing broad identification of the needs in volcanic emergency response. This will be further developed through engagement with users in volcanically active areas. The knowledge required to address these needs is available in experience and expertise and in scientific and grey literature held within the UK and overseas. Resources will be co-designed with project collaborators and users. These resources will include guidelines in volcanic response, which are standard for many hazards but not currently available for volcanoes; technical briefings allowing more in-depth knowledge of the various factors; and training materials. Periods of evaluation and modification of resources will be undertaken with end users, including in-country workshops and training exercises. Case study locations including Guatemala and the Caribbean will enable focussed discussion and the meeting of specific local needs and sensitivities, and New Zealand will be a focus for best practice. Co-development through a series of workshops, questionnaires and interviews with users will enable barriers to be identified and overcome, promote buy-in and a sense of ownership, and encourage uptake. A global volcanic emergency response network will be developed, as a community of practice, to encourage the sharing of resources, stories, experience and expertise amongst the global community. The resources will be hosted online by Global Volcano Model (GVM) and the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN) ensuring their longevity.