Media, Sport and Stakeholding - exploring the sport media ecosystems and gender equity in Canada and the UK

媒体、体育和利益相关——探索加拿大和英国的体育媒体生态系统和性别平等

• 批准号: NE/V020439/1
• 负责人: Michael Skey
• 金额: $ 0.92万
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV020439%2F1
• 关键词: Media; Sport; Stakeholding; exploring; sport

ESRC : Hannah Thompson : ES/P000711/1Investing in girls' and women's sport participation has been shown to support long-term achievement (Ickovics et al., 2014), and leads to higher earnings and job quality (Cabane & Clark, 2015). Research has found that a 10% increase in girls' sport participation led to a 1% increase in university applications and a 1-2% increase in participation in the workforce, particularly in male-dominated industries and high skill occupations (Stevenson, 2010). Thus, sport participation plays a role in the development of human capital for girls and women. Research has also shown that girls who have active women athletes as role models were significantly more physically active than girls whose chosen role models were outside sport (Young et al., 2015). But media coverage for women's sport ranges from 1.8% to 4% (Cooky et al., 2013) making it incredibly hard for girls to see their role models. In addition, we know that girls drop out of sport at a much higher rate than boys making the visibility of role models even more important. Conversations about women's sport coverage remains rife despite decades-worth of scholarship calling for more and fairer quality and quantity within the sports pages and minutes on the screen. Musto et al., (2017) found, coverage of sportswomen remains to be 'bland' and 'wishy-washy' marginalizing sportswomen as uninspiring performers reaffirming patriarchal beliefs. This differential coverage in both qualitative and quantitative ways is said to be harmful "as [it] generate[s] and reinforce[s] stereotypical gender roles and negatively impacts perceptions of women's capabilities" (Fink, 2015 p.322). Most of this has been explained by a lack of diversity within newsrooms, for example Laucella et al., (2016) recognize sport editors often believe interest of women's sports to be low and don't feel like coverage needs to be improved. However, they also found a shift that hinted towards an increase in women being hired relating to improvements of female athletes and women's sport. Although, it's important to note that hiring more women doesn't necessarily equate to more coverage, when there are other potential and unknown factors at play. Hence, our application of stakeholder theory will prove useful to understand who the actors are and what influence do they have on the quantity and quality of women's sports coverage. In summary, there is a lack of gender-balance coverage perceived to be the case in both Canada and UK. Therefore, by creating a score report card, we seek to evaluate the make-up of who the people are in positions of power to create and shape narratives of women's sport. Addressing gender, race, class, and sexuality markers, we aim to uncover whether the more diversity of the newsroom may equal increasing numbers of women's sport coverage. And, by profiling sports news organisations, we can hold accountable the calls and pledges for fairer and gender equitable coverage. Our proposal is truly innovative in its approach to debates on gender, sport and media and will provide novel insights that can have a broad industry impact as there is a real gap in knowledge of how to measure and hold account these pledges for equitable sports media practices. Plus, while it is widely accepted that sport media remains to be predominantly served by white men there are few studies that investigate gatekeeping processes in sports media.

ESRC：汉娜·汤普森：ES/P000711/1事实证明，投资于女孩和妇女参与体育运动有助于取得长期成就（Ickovics等人，2014），并导致更高的收入和工作质量（Cabane & Clark，2015）。研究发现，女孩参加体育运动的人数每增加10%，申请大学的人数就会增加1%，加入劳动力队伍的人数就会增加1-2%，特别是在男性占主导地位的行业和高技能职业中（史蒂文森，2010年）。因此，参加体育运动在发展女孩和妇女的人力资本方面发挥着作用。研究还表明，有活跃的女运动员作为榜样的女孩比那些选择体育以外的榜样的女孩更活跃（Young等人，2015年）。但是媒体对女性运动的报道从1.8%到4%不等（Cooky等人，2013年），这使得女孩们很难看到他们的榜样。此外，我们知道，女孩退出体育运动的比率比男孩高得多，这使得榜样的可见性更加重要。尽管数十年来，人们一直在呼吁在体育页面和屏幕上的几分钟内提供更多、更公平的质量和数量，但关于女性体育报道的对话仍然很普遍。Musto等人，（2017）发现，对女运动员的报道仍然是“乏味的”和“软弱无力的”，将女运动员边缘化为重申父权信仰的令人沮丧的表演者。这种在质量和数量上的差别覆盖据说是有害的，“因为它产生并加强了陈规定型的性别角色，并对妇女的能力产生负面影响”（Fink，2015年，第322页）。其中大部分原因是新闻编辑室缺乏多样性，例如劳塞拉等人，（2016）承认体育编辑往往认为妇女的体育兴趣是低，不觉得像覆盖面需要改善。然而，他们也发现了一个变化，暗示着与女运动员和妇女体育的改善有关的妇女被雇用的增加。尽管如此，重要的是要注意，雇用更多的女性并不一定等同于更多的覆盖面，当有其他潜在的和未知的因素在发挥作用。因此，我们的利益相关者理论的应用将被证明是有用的，以了解谁是演员，他们有什么影响的数量和质量的妇女的体育报道。总之，在加拿大和联合王国，人们都认为缺乏性别平衡的覆盖面。因此，通过创建一个成绩报告卡，我们试图评估谁的人是在权力的位置，以创建和塑造妇女的体育叙事的构成。解决性别，种族，阶级和性标记，我们的目标是揭示是否更多的多样性的新闻编辑室可能等于越来越多的妇女的体育报道。而且，通过分析体育新闻机构，我们可以对更公平和性别平等报道的呼吁和承诺负责。我们的提案在讨论性别、体育和媒体问题的方法上确实具有创新性，并将提供新的见解，可以产生广泛的行业影响，因为在如何衡量和考虑这些对公平体育媒体做法的承诺方面存在真实的知识差距。此外，虽然人们普遍认为体育媒体仍然主要由白色男性提供服务，但很少有研究调查体育媒体的守门过程。