FACTORS AFFECTING FETAL GROWTH

这项研究的长期目标是评估 瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子α、胰岛素和C-肽与 新生儿身体成分，特别是新生儿脂肪量。这个 次要目标是评估这些因素作为可能的调节者和 与胎儿宫内发育有关的机制。要评估 瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子α、胰岛素与糖尿病的关系 C-肽和新生儿身体成分，我们假设脐带 瘦素水平与胎儿宫内发育密切相关 脂肪质量与胰岛素、C-肽或肿瘤坏死α的比较。 此外，我们假设脐带血瘦素与 脂肪质量与出生体重相比，这些相关性是 患有妊娠期糖尿病的母亲的婴儿更强 与糖耐量正常母亲的婴儿进行比较。我们的 第二个具体目标是确定胎盘是否具有潜在的 脐带血瘦素和肿瘤坏死因子α的贡献者。我们 假设脐静脉血中瘦素浓度与肿瘤 肿瘤坏死因子α高于脐动脉。 我们计划通过收集脐动脉和脐静脉来检验这些假设。 妊娠期糖尿病和非妊娠期糖尿病母亲的新生儿脐带血及其检测 血清瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子α、胰岛素和 C-肽。最后，瘦素和肿瘤坏死因子α将 从出生48小时的新生儿身上获取以确定是否有胎儿 瘦素和肿瘤坏死因子-α的产生减少 出生。

The long term goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship among leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, insulin, and c-peptide with neonatal body composition, specifically neonatal fat mass. The secondary aim is to evaluate these factors as possible regulators and mechanisms relating to fetal intra-uterine growth. To evaluate the relationship between leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, insulin, and c-peptide and neonatal body composition, where we hypothesize cord leptin concentration has a significantly stronger correlation with fetal fat mass as compared with insulin, c-peptide, or tumor necrosis alpha. Furthermore, we hypothesize cord leptin has a stronger correlation with fat mass as compared with birth weight alone, and these correlations are stronger in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus as compared with infants of mothers with normal glucose tolerance. Our second specific aim is to determine if the placenta is a potential contributor to cord leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha. We hypothesize that umbilical vein concentrations of leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha are greater that those of the umbilical artery. We plan to test these hypotheses by collecting umbilical artery and vein cord blood from both infants of mothers with GDM and NGT and measuring the concentrations of leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, insulin, and c-peptide. Finally, leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha will be obtained from the neonates at 48 hours of life to determine if fetal leptin amd tumor necrosis factor alpha production decreases following birth.