NSFDEB:NERC Interspecific Interference, Character Displacement And Range Expansion

为什么有些物种分布如此广泛，而另一些则局限于小的地理区域？物种之间的负面相互作用，如侵略和生殖干扰，可能会阻止物种扩大其范围。如果是这样的话，使物种能够避免与近亲的负面相互作用的特征应该与范围扩展事件有关。这一预测将首次得到验证，使用一种分布广泛的鸟类，这种鸟类在翅膀颜色上表现出非凡的变化-以至于它曾经被认为是多个物种。暗翅（黑色）的个人经历的干扰水平低得多的密切相关的物种比光翅（非黑色）的个人。该系统提供了一个无与伦比的机会，以促进了解物种之间的负面相互作用如何影响物种分布。随着物种的活动范围因气候变化而发生变化，一些物种将与它们以前从未遇到过的近亲相互作用。该项目的结果应有助于预测这些相互作用的结果，从而预测未来的物种分布。该项目包括与拉丁美洲的研究人员合作，并将为美国的学生提供现场，实验室和计算研究培训，英国和哥斯达黎加。将启动现有公民科学倡议的西班牙语版本，以扩大与公众的接触。该项目的成果将通过多个渠道以两种语言传播。在对红癍豆娘（Hetaerina spp.）生殖和攻击性干扰的进化原因和后果进行了十多年研究的基础上，这个项目解决了减少种间干扰的适应性如何影响范围扩展的问题。其主要种为H.在不同的季节和地理位置，翅膀颜色不同。为了理解为什么这个物种的翅膀颜色会季节性变化，将进行一系列的野外实验，以区分不同的进化权衡假设。为了区分季节性颜色变化的起源和损失的替代方案，将使用全基因组数据重建整个物种范围内种群之间的系统发育关系。为了进一步阐明季节性颜色变化是如何演变的，将多变量系统发育性状演变模型拟合到范围广泛的表型数据集。最后，为了检验范围扩展的预测，将使用合并模型来比较H。titia种群之间以及H. Titia和四种同系物。该项目还将产生第一个范围广泛的种内系统发育分析的多型性状的进化，和新的基因组资源的红癍豆娘。

Why are some species so widespread while others are restricted to small geographic areas? Negative interactions between closely species, such as aggression and reproductive interference, could prevent species from expanding their range. If so, traits that enable species to avoid negative interactions with close relatives should be associated with range expansion events. This prediction will be tested, for the first time, using a widespread species of dragonfly that shows extraordinary variation in wing coloration - so much so that it was once thought to be multiple species. Dark-winged (melanic) individuals experience much lower levels of interference from closely related species than do light-winged (non-melanic) individuals. This system provides an unparalleled opportunity to advance understanding of how negative interactions between species affect species distributions. As species' ranges shift in response to climate change, some species will interact with close relatives that they have not encountered previously. The results of this project should help predict the outcome of those interactions and, therefore, species distributions in the future. The project includes collaborations with researchers in Latin America and will provide field, lab and computational research training for students in the U.S., U.K, and Costa Rica. A Spanish-language version of an existing citizen science initiative will be launched to expand engagement with the public. Results of the project will be disseminated in both languages through multiple venues.Building on well over a decade of research on the evolutionary causes and consequences of reproductive and aggressive interference in rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.), this project tackles the question of how adaptations that reduce interspecific interference affect range expansion. The focal species, H. titia, varies in wing coloration both seasonally and geographically. To understand why this species' wing coloration changes seasonally, a series of field experiments will be carried out to distinguish among alternative evolutionary trade-off hypotheses. To distinguish among alternative scenarios for the origin and loss of the seasonal color change, phylogenetic relationships among populations throughout the species' range will be reconstructed using whole-genome data. To further clarify how the seasonal color change evolved, multivariate phylogenetic trait evolution models will be fit to a range-wide phenotypic dataset. Finally, to test the range expansion prediction, coalescence models will be used to compare rates of diversification and historical demography among H. titia populations and between H. titia and four congeners. This project will also produce the first range-wide intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of a polyphenic trait, and new genomic resources for rubyspot damselflies.