NSFDEB:NERC Interspecific Interference, Character Displacement And Range Expansion

为什么一些物种如此广泛，而另一些物种则局限于较小的地理区域？物种之间的负面相互作用，如攻击性和生殖干扰，可能会阻止物种扩大它们的活动范围。如果是这样的话，使物种能够避免与近亲发生负面互动的特征应该与范围扩大事件相关联。这一预测将首次得到验证，使用的是一种分布广泛的蜻蜓，这种蜻蜓的翅膀颜色变化非常大，以至于一度被认为是多种蜻蜓。与浅翼(非黑色)个体相比，深色翅膀(黑色)个体受到密切相关物种的干扰程度要低得多。这一系统提供了一个无与伦比的机会来促进对物种之间的负面相互作用如何影响物种分布的理解。随着物种的活动范围随着气候变化的变化而变化，一些物种将与它们以前从未遇到过的近亲互动。该项目的结果应该有助于预测这些相互作用的结果，从而有助于预测未来物种的分布。该项目包括与拉丁美洲的研究人员合作，并将为美国、英国和哥斯达黎加的学生提供实地、实验室和计算研究培训。将推出现有公民科学倡议的西班牙语版本，以扩大与公众的接触。该项目的结果将通过多个场所以两种语言传播。该项目在对红斑豆娘(HetAerina spp.)繁殖和侵略性干扰的进化原因和后果进行了长达十多年的研究的基础上，解决了减少种间干扰的适应如何影响范围扩大的问题。焦点种，H.titia，在翅上的颜色在季节和地理上都不同。为了了解为什么这种物种的翅膀颜色会随季节变化，将进行一系列现场实验，以区分不同的进化权衡假说。为了区分季节性颜色变化的起源和丧失的不同情景，将使用全基因组数据重建整个物种范围内种群之间的系统发育关系。为了进一步阐明季节颜色变化是如何进化的，多变量系统发育特征进化模型将适用于范围广泛的表型数据集。最后，为了验证范围扩展预测，将使用合并模型来比较赤眼蜂种群之间以及赤眼蜂与四个同系物之间的多样性和历史人口学比率。该项目还将产生第一个范围广泛的种内系统发育分析多表型性状的进化，并为红斑豆娘蝇提供新的基因组资源。

Why are some species so widespread while others are restricted to small geographic areas? Negative interactions between closely species, such as aggression and reproductive interference, could prevent species from expanding their range. If so, traits that enable species to avoid negative interactions with close relatives should be associated with range expansion events. This prediction will be tested, for the first time, using a widespread species of dragonfly that shows extraordinary variation in wing coloration - so much so that it was once thought to be multiple species. Dark-winged (melanic) individuals experience much lower levels of interference from closely related species than do light-winged (non-melanic) individuals. This system provides an unparalleled opportunity to advance understanding of how negative interactions between species affect species distributions. As species' ranges shift in response to climate change, some species will interact with close relatives that they have not encountered previously. The results of this project should help predict the outcome of those interactions and, therefore, species distributions in the future. The project includes collaborations with researchers in Latin America and will provide field, lab and computational research training for students in the U.S., U.K, and Costa Rica. A Spanish-language version of an existing citizen science initiative will be launched to expand engagement with the public. Results of the project will be disseminated in both languages through multiple venues.Building on well over a decade of research on the evolutionary causes and consequences of reproductive and aggressive interference in rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.), this project tackles the question of how adaptations that reduce interspecific interference affect range expansion. The focal species, H. titia, varies in wing coloration both seasonally and geographically. To understand why this species' wing coloration changes seasonally, a series of field experiments will be carried out to distinguish among alternative evolutionary trade-off hypotheses. To distinguish among alternative scenarios for the origin and loss of the seasonal color change, phylogenetic relationships among populations throughout the species' range will be reconstructed using whole-genome data. To further clarify how the seasonal color change evolved, multivariate phylogenetic trait evolution models will be fit to a range-wide phenotypic dataset. Finally, to test the range expansion prediction, coalescence models will be used to compare rates of diversification and historical demography among H. titia populations and between H. titia and four congeners. This project will also produce the first range-wide intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of a polyphenic trait, and new genomic resources for rubyspot damselflies.