NEW APPROACHES TO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS

被动和主动免疫预防的新方法

• 批准号: 6289001
• 负责人: Robert H. Purcell
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6289001
• 关键词: Baculoviridae; Callithricidae; Hepatovirus; Macaca mulatta; Pan; active immunization; attenuated microorganism; bone marrow; hepatitis A; hepatitis B; hepatitis B virus group; hepatitis C virus; hepatitis vaccine; hepatitis virus; immunomodulators; laboratory mouse; live vaccine; nonhuman therapy evaluation; oral administration; passive immunization; tissue /cell culture; vaccine development; vector vaccine; virus replication

Vaccines remain one of the most cost-beneficial medical interventions. The Hepatitis Viruses Section (HVS) has been instrumental in the development of licensed vaccines for the prevention of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Although inactivated HAV vaccines are licensed and commercially available, there remains a need for a live attenuated HAV vaccine for administration in developing countries where the cost and logistics of administering an inactivated vaccine are prohibitive. The HVS in collaboration with SmithKline Beecham, Rixensart, Belgium, has developed several candidate live attenuated HAV vaccines. In addition, the HVS has developed a candidate recombinant hepatitis E vaccine that is highly promising and that is currently in clinical trials.A recent advance in vaccine development was the discovery that naked viral DNA can serve as a vaccine when administered to animals. The HVS is studying the technology of DNA vaccines with a model system based upon hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, a vaccine with which the HVS has had extensive experience. We are currently testing the efficacy of an immunostimulant (CpG) as an adjuvant for DNA vaccines, as well as protein vaccines. In addition, the utility of DNA vaccines for the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is being explored. These studies were extended to non-human primates (rhesus monkeys). A DNA vaccine proved to be highly immunogenic in mice and rhesus monkeys and we have proceeded to chimpanzees, which can be challenged with live HCV. - Hepatitis viruses, vaccines

疫苗仍然是最具成本效益的医疗干预措施之一。肝炎病毒科在开发预防甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎的许可疫苗方面发挥了重要作用。尽管甲肝灭活疫苗已获得许可并可在市场上买到，但发展中国家仍然需要甲肝减毒活疫苗，因为这些国家的灭活疫苗的成本和后勤保障都令人望而却步。HVS与比利时Rixensart的SmithKline Beecham公司合作开发了几种候选HAV减毒活疫苗。此外，HVS还开发了一种重组戊型肝炎候选疫苗，该疫苗非常有希望，目前正在临床试验中。疫苗开发的最新进展是发现裸病毒DNA在给动物注射时可以作为疫苗。HVS正在研究以乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）疫苗为基础的模型系统的DNA疫苗技术，HVS在乙肝疫苗方面有丰富的经验。我们目前正在测试一种免疫刺激剂（CpG）作为DNA疫苗和蛋白质疫苗的佐剂的功效。此外，正在探索DNA疫苗用于控制丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的效用。这些研究扩展到非人类灵长类动物（恒河猴）。一种DNA疫苗在小鼠和恒河猴中被证明具有高度免疫原性，我们已经对黑猩猩进行了研究，它们可能受到活丙肝病毒的攻击。-肝炎病毒，疫苗