The Universe in Light of Fundamental Physics

粒子物理学和宇宙学正在融合。近年来，由于大量新的原始天体物理学数据的可用性和粒子物理学与宇宙学之间密切的理论联系的日益实现，这两个领域之间的思想交叉授粉加速了。现在，大型强子对撞机已经上线，粒子物理学正在以关于宇宙学构建模块的高质量数据回报这种青睐。随着普朗克卫星和许多气球实验、高级LIGO引力波探测器、AMS-02天基粒子探测器、暗能量调查（DES）以及许多其他寻找暗物质的实验即将发布的数据，这种思想和数据的交叉授粉注定会继续下去。伦敦国王学院物理系理论粒子物理和宇宙学（TPPC）小组在这里提出的科学计划，重点是利用基础物理学的见解，分析和解释来自观测宇宙学和高能天体物理学的数据。尽管大型强子对撞机现在使在实验室中以前所未有的能量直接研究基础物理过程成为可能，但在非常早期宇宙和活动星系核（agn）、伽马射线暴（GRBs）、超新星、黑洞和脉冲星可能产生的超高能宇宙射线中所获得的能量使这些研究黯然失色。因此，宇宙微波背景（CMB）和剧烈的天体物理事件为研究新的基础物理学提供了独特的实验室。然而，在寻找新物理的观测特征时，人们必须准确地模拟已知物理，并考虑到LHC和其他加速器提供的信息。例如，关于CMB和大尺度结构（LSS）的大量新数据需要开发新的分析工具来探测和解释新物理的可能特征，如原始非高斯和小中微子质量，从而将它们与更传统的现象区分开来。同样，寻找暗物质也需要对暗物质晕进行精确的建模，以便可靠地计算密度和速度分布，以及探测与通常的弱相互作用暗物质范式（如自相互作用）的偏差。此外，来自天体物理源的高能辐射为寻找补充粒子对撞机的新物理提供了独特的机会，并可能产生惊人的观测特征。

Particle physics and cosmology are merging. In recent years, the cross-pollination of ideas between the fields has accelerated, fueled by the availability of a wealth of new raw astrophysical data and increased realization of the intimate theoretical connection between particle physics and cosmology. Now that the LHC is online, particle physics is returning the favour with high-quality data on the building-blocks of cosmology. With the coming release of data from the PLANCK satellite and many balloon experiments, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detectors, the AMS-02 space-based particle detector, the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and many other experiments searching for dark matter, this cross-pollination of ideas and data is destined to continue.The scientific programme proposed here by the Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TPPC) Group in the Physics Department of King's College London is focused on the the analysis and interpretation of data from observational cosmology and high-energy astrophysics using insights from fundamental physics.Although the LHC now makes possible direct studies in the laboratory of fundamental physics processes at unprecedented energies, these are eclipsed by the energies attained in the Very Early Universe and in the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays that may be produced by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), gamma-ray bursters (GRBs), supernovae, black holes and pulsars. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) and violent astrophysical events therefore provide unique laboratories for studying new fundamental physics. However, while searching for observational signatures of new physics, one must model known physics accurately, taking into account the information provided by the LHC and other accelerators. For example, the wealth of new data on the CMB and large-scale structure (LSS) necessitates the development of new analysis tools to probe and interpret possible signatures of new physics such as primordial non-Gaussianities and small neutrino masses, so as to distinguish them from more conventional phenomena. Likewise, searches for dark matter require accurate modelling of dark matter halos in order to calculate reliably density and velocity distributions as well as to probe for deviations from the usual weakly-interacting dark matter paradigm, such as self-interactions. Moreover, high-energy emissions from astrophysical sources provide unique opportunities to search for new physics that complement particle colliders and could yield striking observational signatures.