STFC Consolidated Grant Supplement (Travel and Consumables)

粒子物理学试图通过基本力(夸克和轻子)、基本力(强、电磁、弱力和引力)以及中介它们的力粒子(光子、W/Z、胶子和引力子)的相互作用来理解宇宙及其演化。在过去的三十年里，一个强大而极其成功的理论框架被称为标准模型，在这个框架中，几乎所有可用的粒子物理数据都可以解释。然而，尽管这是一个美丽的理论，但这个模型是不完整的，因为它不能完全解释我们周围看到的世界。牛津大学的研究计划将极大地促进我们对任何取代标准模型的“新物理学”理论的理解，并将指导理论工作的发展。大型强子对撞机(LHC)现在运行在高能物理的能量前沿，并在大爆炸的毫秒内重现条件。牛津大学在探测器运行和从ATLAS和LHCb实验中提取物理结果方面发挥了重要作用，包括对希格斯粒子、具有“超对称性”(SUSY)的粒子以及宇宙中物质-反物质不对称性的起源(“CP破坏”)的研究。在接下来的十年里，大型强子对撞机将升级到更高的能量和强度，因此正在为ATLAS和LHCb准备探测器的改进。对于不可避免的新物理观测，升级后的探测器将把粒子物理学的灵敏度带到前所未有的极限。在我们的整个工作中，我们正在启用强大的计算资源和分析工具，这些资源和分析工具是提取海量数据所必需的。我们参与了与大型强子对撞机上的大型实验相辅相成的高精度实验。Edelweiss和LUX-ZEPLIN的实验正在探索粒子物理学和宇宙学中的一些最重要的问题；特别是直接搜索暗物质，候选粒子是最轻的SUSY粒子。同样，nEDM实验将以前所未有的精度测量中子电偶极矩，这也将补充LHCb实验中的CP破坏测量。通过日本的T2K实验和未来的LBNE等实验，牛津大学的物理学家们旨在更好地了解难以捉摸的中微子，特别是它从一种味道到另一种味道的“振荡”。SNO+实验将测量中微子的其他基本性质，例如它是否是它自己的反粒子。在我们的整个研究过程中，牛津大学将继续发展和提高我们在机械和电子设计方面的能力，以便我们将保持建造最复杂的设备的能力，无论我们的物理目标可能需要的任何大小。

Particle physics seeks to understand the Universe and its evolution in terms of the interplay of elementary particles (the quarks and leptons) the fundamental forces (the strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces and gravity) and the force-particles that mediate them (photons, W/Z, gluons and gravitons). The last thirty years has seen the development of a robust and extremely successful theoretical framework, known as the Standard Model, in which almost all of the available particle-physics data can be explained. However, whilst this is a beautiful theory, the model is incomplete since it doesn't completely explain the world that we see around us. Oxford's research programme will advance significantly our understanding of whatever "new-physics" theory will emerge to replace the Standard Model, and will guide the theoretical work to develop it. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is now running at the energy frontier of high-energy physics, and reproduces the conditions within milliseconds of the Big Bang. Oxford plays a major role in the detector operation and the extraction of physics results from both the ATLAS and LHCb experiments, including studies of the Higgs particle, particles having "supersymmetry" (SUSY), and the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe ("CP-violation"). Over the next decade, the LHC will upgrade to higher energy and intensity, and so detector improvements are being prepared for both ATLAS and LHCb. The upgraded detectors will take particle physics to an unprecedented limit of sensitivity for the inevitable new-physics observations. Throughout our work we are enabling powerful computing resources and analysis tools that are necessary for the extraction of vast volumes of data.We participate in high-precision experiments that are complementary to the large experiments at the LHC. The EDELWEISS and LUX-ZEPLIN experiments are exploring some of the most important questions in particle physics and cosmology; in particular the direct search for dark matter, a candidate being the lightest SUSY particle. Similarly the nEDM experiment will measure the neutron electric dipole moment down to unprecedented precision, and which will also complement measurements of CP-violation from the LHCb experiment.Through the T2K experiment in Japan and future experiments such as LBNE, Oxford physicists aim for a better understanding the elusive neutrino, and in particular its "oscillation" from one flavour to another. The SNO+ experiment will measure other fundamental properties of the neutrino, such as whether or not it is its own antiparticle. Throughout our research, Oxford will continue to develop and enhance our capabilities in mechanical and electronic design so that we will retain the ability to construct the most sophisticated apparatus of whatever size may be required for our physics objectives.