Theoretical Studies of Elementary Particles

基本粒子的理论研究

• 批准号: ST/P000770/1
• 负责人: Subir Sarkar
• 金额: $ 91.94万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP000770%2F1
• 关键词: Theoretical; Studies; Elementary; Particles

Our ultimate aim is to understand the nature of matter and the most basic processes that drive the universe. One of the most intriguing features of our universe is that we seem to be able to describe much of what happens very well 'theoretically' - using a a set of laws that are written down in the form of a mathematical 'model'. Isaac Newton showed this could be done with objects visible to the naked eye and modern day theorists continue the tradition for particles that have to be created by extreme events, be they cosmic or terrestrial at accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The proposed research will address today's major issues in particle theory.The first part of our proposal is to improve predictions of the effects of the strong interactions (QCD) that dominate the production of particles in collisions at the LHC. These collisions create showers of large numbers of known particles which have to be filtered out so that the rare events indicating the presence of a new particle become visible. The discovery of the Higgs boson depended on such calculations; the discovery of further new particles, and the efficient analysis of their properties, will depend on doing those calculations to even higher precision.The Standard Model of the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions describes most of particle physics with exquisite precision but it has defects. It does not explain dark matter, why the weak interaction scale is relatively light or why there are three generations of quarks and leptons, and it does not contain gravity. Our research will explore models that might remedy these defects and determine what experimental tests would be sensitive to the new 'beyond the Standard Model (BSM)' physics they predict. We will examine supersymmetric field theories, and models with additional space dimensions, to establish whether they contain viable candidates for dark matter without introducing other new physics incompatible with experiment. Superstring theories are a promising candidate for unifying the Standard Model with gravity. However generally they contain an abundance of particles not observed in nature; we will continue our programme to find those consistent with the Standard Model and for the first time calculate the Yukawa couplings that are needed for detailed comparison of light particle masses with experiment. The LHC is also used to collide heavy ions producing a quark-gluon plasma. Understanding the features of this new state of matter is challenging. It reaches thermal equilibrium very quickly and affects non-trivially the behaviour of energetic particles passing through it. The so-called gauge-string duality technique can attack some of these problems but does not apply strictly to real QCD. We propose to develop a composite description that combines this method with other techniques to understand the properties of the real quark-gluon plasma.Extensions of the Standard Model usually contain new particles that cannot be detected directly at the LHC but affect astrophysical and cosmological processes such as inflation and the generation of primordial gravitational waves. An example is the so-called ALP which arises naturally in most string theories and whose presence would be seen in astrophysical X-ray data. An important part of our proposal is to establish in detail the signals from such physics so that we can optimize strategies for detecting them in observational data. In contrast quantum gravity is not yet sufficiently well understood to tension theory against measurement so we will develop methods of computing the large scale properties of the universes in models such as causal dynamical triangulations to determine whether they are plausible candidates to describe quantum gravity.

我们的最终目标是了解物质的本质以及驱动宇宙的最基本过程。我们的宇宙最有趣的特征之一是，我们似乎能够使用一组以数学“模型”形式记录下来的定律，从“理论上”很好地描述发生的许多事情。艾萨克·牛顿证明，这可以通过肉眼可见的物体来实现，而现代理论家延续了粒子必须由极端事件产生的传统，无论是宇宙粒子还是地球粒子，都可以在欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 等加速器中产生。拟议的研究将解决当今粒子理论中的主要问题。我们提案的第一部分是改进对强相互作用（QCD）影响的预测，这种相互作用在大型强子对撞机碰撞中主导粒子的产生。这些碰撞会产生大量已知粒子，必须将其过滤掉，以便表明新粒子存在的罕见事件变得可见。希格斯玻色子的发现依赖于这样的计算。更多新粒子的发现以及对其性质的有效分析将取决于以更高的精度进行这些计算。强相互作用、弱相互作用和电磁相互作用的标准模型以极高的精度描述了大部分粒子物理学，但它也有缺陷。它没有解释暗物质，为什么弱相互作用尺度比较轻或者为什么有三代夸克和轻子，而且它不包含引力。我们的研究将探索可能弥补这些缺陷的模型，并确定哪些实验测试对他们预测的新的“超越标准模型（BSM）”物理学敏感。我们将研究超对称场论和具有额外空间维度的模型，以确定它们是否包含暗物质的可行候选者，而无需引入与实验不相容的其他新物理。超弦理论是将标准模型与引力统一起来的有希望的候选者。然而，它们通常含有大量在自然界中未观察到的粒子；我们将继续我们的计划，寻找与标准模型一致的模型，并首次计算轻粒子质量与实验进行详细比较所需的汤川耦合。大型强子对撞机还用于碰撞重离子，产生夸克-胶子等离子体。了解这种新物质状态的特征具有挑战性。它非常快地达到热平衡，并对穿过它的高能粒子的行为产生重要影响。所谓的规范弦对偶技术可以解决其中一些问题，但并不严格适用于真正的 QCD。我们建议开发一种综合描述，将该方法与其他技术相结合，以了解真正的夸克-胶子等离子体的特性。标准模型的扩展通常包含无法直接在大型强子对撞机上检测到的新粒子，但会影响天体物理和宇宙学过程，例如膨胀和原始引力波的产生。一个例子是所谓的 ALP，它在大多数弦理论中自然出现，并且可以在天体物理 X 射线数据中看到它的存在。我们建议的一个重要部分是详细建立来自此类物理的信号，以便我们可以优化在观测数据中检测它们的策略。相比之下，量子引力对于测量的张力理论还没有得到充分的理解，因此我们将开发在因果动力学三角测量等模型中计算宇宙大尺度特性的方法，以确定它们是否是描述量子引力的合理候选者。

项目成果

Search for nonstandard neutrino interactions with IceCube DeepCore

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.072009
• 发表时间: 2017-09
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;I. A. Samarai;D. Altmann;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;J. P. Barron;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;D. Bose;S. Boser;O. Botner;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;L. Brayeur;M. Brenzke;H. Bretz;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;T. Carver;J. Casey;M. Casier;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;A. Christov;K. Clark;L. Classen;S. Coenders;G. Collin;J. Conrad;D. Cowen;R. Cross;M. Day;J. Andr'e;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;H. Dembinski;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;V. Lorenzo;H. Dujmovic;J. Dumm;M. Dunkman;E. Dvorak;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;P. Eller;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;S. Flis;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;T. Fuchs;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;W. Giang;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;F. Halzen;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;S. In;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;P. Kalaczyński;W. Kang;A. Kappes;T. Karg;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;M. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;G. Kohnen;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;J. Koschinsky;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;M. Kroll;G. Kruckl;J. Kunnen;S. Kunwar;N. Kurahashi;T. Kuwabara;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;M. Lesiak-Bzdak;M. Leuermann;Q. Liu;L. Lu;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;S. Mancina;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;M. Meier;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;J. Micallef;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;M. Moulai;R. Nahnhauer;P. Nakarmi;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;P. Peiffer;J. Pepper;C. Heros;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;M. Plum;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;L. Radel;M. Rameez;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;M. Relich;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;T. Salzer;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;S. Schoenen;S. Schoneberg;L. Schumacher;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;Alexander Stasik;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;N. Strotjohann;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;I. Taboada;J. Tatar;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;G. Tevsi'c;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;C. Turley;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;W. Driessche;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;J. Santen;M. Vehring;E. Vogel;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;F. Wandler;N. Wandkowsky;A. Waza;C. Weaver;M. Weiss;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;J. Wood;T. R. Wood;E. Woolsey;K. Woschnagg;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan;M. Zoll

The IceCube Realtime Alert System

• DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.05.002
• 发表时间: 2016-12
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;D. Altmann;K. Andeen

Search for sterile neutrino mixing using three years of IceCube DeepCore data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.95.112002
• 发表时间: 2017-02
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;I. A. Samarai;D. Altmann-D.-Altm

A Search for Neutrino Point-source Populations in 7 yr of IceCube Data with Neutrino-count Statistics

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7af9
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;C. Alispach;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;P. Backes;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;V. A.Balagopal;A. Barbano;S. Barwick;B. Bastian;V. Baum;S. Baur;R. Bay;J. Beatty;K. Becker;J. Tjus;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Bottcher;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;J. Buscher;R. Busse;T. Carver;C. Chen;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;S. Choi;K. Clark;L. Classen;A. Coleman;G. Collin;J. Conrad;P. Coppin;P. Correa;D. Cowen;R. Cross;P. Dave;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;H. Dembinski;K. Deoskar;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;A. Diaz;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;H. Dujmovic;M. Dunkman;E. Dvorak;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;P. Eller;R. Engel;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;A. Fritz;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;E. Ganster;S. Garrappa;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;S. Griswold;M. Gunder;M. Gunduz;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;L. Halve;F. Halzen;K. Hanson;A. Haungs;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;P. Heix;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;F. Henningsen;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;T. Hoinka;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;T. Huber;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;R. Hussain;S. In;N. Iovine;A. Ishihara;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;F. Jonske;R. Joppe;D. Kang;W. Kang;A. Kappes;D. Kappesser;T. Karg;M. Karl;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;G. Kruckl;N. Kulacz;N. Kurahashi;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;J. Lazar;K. Leonard;A. Leszczy'nska;M. Leuermann;Q. Liu;E. Lohfink;C. J. L. Mariscal;L. Lu;F. Lucarelli;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;Y. Lyu;W. Ma;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;Y. Makino;P. Mallik;K. Mallot;S. Mancina;I. Marics;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;A. Medina;M. Meier;S. Meighen-Berger;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;J. Micallef;D. Mockler;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;R. Morse;M. Moulai;P. Muth;R. Nagai;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;M. Oehler;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;E. O’Sullivan;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;N. Park;P. Peiffer;C. Heros;S. Philippen;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;A. Pizzuto;M. Plum;A. Porcelli;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;A. Raissi;M. Rameez;L. Rauch;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;M. Renschler;G. Renzi;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Robertson;N. Rodd;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;I. Safa;B. Safdi;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;M. Schaufel;H. Schieler;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;J. Schneider;F. Schroder;L. Schumacher;S. Sclafani;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;S. Shefali;M. Silva;R. Snihur;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;R. Stein;P. Steinmuller;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;N. Strotjohann;T. Sturwald;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;I. Taboada;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;S. Tilav;K. Tollefson;L. Tomankova;C. Tonnis;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;A. Trettin;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;R. Turcotte;C. Turley;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. U. Elorrieta;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;W. Driessche;D. Eijk;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;J. Santen;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;N. Wandkowsky;T. B. Watson;C. Weaver;A. Weindl;M. Weiss;J. Weldert;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;B. Whelan;N. Whitehorn;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;J. Wood;T. R. Wood;K. Woschnagg;G. Wrede;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan;M. Zocklein

Detection of the Temporal Variation of the Sun's Cosmic Ray Shadow with the IceCube Detector

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaffd1
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;D. Altmann;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;P. Backes;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;A. Barbano;J. P. Barron;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;S. Boser;O. Botner;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;H. Bretz;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;R. Busse;T. Carver;C. Chen;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;K. Clark;L. Classen;G. Collin;J. Conrad;P. Coppin;P. Correa;D. Cowen;R. Cross;P. Dave;M. Day;J. Andr'e;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;H. Dembinski;K. Deoskar;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;H. Dujmovic;M. Dunkman;E. Dvorak;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;P. Eller;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;A. Fritz;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;E. Ganster;S. Garrappa;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;W. Giang;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;L. Halve;F. Halzen;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;T. Hoinka;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;R. Hussain;S. In;N. Iovine;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;P. Kalaczyński;W. Kang;A. Kappes;D. Kappesser;T. Karg;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;M. Kroll;G. Kruckl;S. Kunwar;N. Kurahashi;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;K. Leonard;M. Leuermann;Q. Liu;E. Lohfink;C. J. L. Mariscal;L. Lu;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;Y. Makino;S. Mancina;I. Marics;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;K. Meagher;M. Medici;M. Meier;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;J. Micallef;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;M. Moulai;R. Nagai;R. Nahnhauer;P. Nakarmi;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;E. O’Sullivan;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;P. Peiffer;J. Pepper;C. Heros;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;A. Pizzuto;M. Plum;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;M. Rameez;L. Rauch;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;G. Renzi;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;I. Safa;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;M. Schaufel;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;J. Schneider;S. Schoneberg;L. Schumacher;S. Sclafani;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;Alexander Stasik;R. Stein;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;N. Strotjohann;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;I. Taboada;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;C. Tonnis;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;R. Turcotte;C. Turley;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. U. Elorrieta;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;W. Driessche;D. Eijk;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;J. Santen;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;F. Wandler;N. Wandkowsky;T. B. Watson;C. Weaver;M. Weiss;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;N. Whitehorn;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;J. Wood;T. R. Wood;E. Woolsey;K. Woschnagg;G. Wrede;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan