PCE contaminated drinking water & disorders of reproduction & development

四氯乙烯（也称为全氯乙烯或PCE）是一种溶剂，通常用于金属脱脂，纺织品加工和干洗。与PCE接触有关的生殖和发育毒性风险的研究表明，PCE对动物和人类都有不利影响。拟议的流行病学研究将检验在马萨诸塞州科德角地区公共饮用水供应分布系统中发现的PCE与以下生殖和发育结果相关的假设：精子和月经异常、生殖力受损、继发性不孕症、自然流产、低出生体重、宫内生长迟缓、先天性畸形以及学习和注意力发育障碍。这将通过开展一项以人群为基础的回顾性队列研究来完成，该研究包括大约2200名接触过pce污染饮用水的科德角儿童及其家庭，以及2200名未接触过pce污染饮用水的儿童及其家庭。家庭身份将根据马萨诸塞州1968年至1983年的出生记录进行确认。在此期间，成千上万的科德角居民接触到PCE，因为它从石棉水泥饮用水管道的乙烯衬里浸出。在暴露组的家庭中，至少有一个孩子在产前和产后都有不同程度的PCE暴露，父母在生育年龄也有接触。将对队列家庭成员进行追踪，并对母亲进行访谈，以获取有关生殖和发育异常、混杂变量和居住史的信息。异常报告将通过记录审核进行核实。将从母亲处寻求口腔拭子，以便随后通过分子方法检测易感性生物标志物。我们将使用为超级基金基础研究中心开发的暴露模型和地理信息系统（GIS）数据库来估计受PCE污染的饮用水的暴露。在控制混杂变量的情况下，将计算与PCE暴露相关的每个不良结果的相对风险。用水和母乳喂养习惯的影响将被考虑在内。

Tetrachloroethylene (also called perchlorethylene or PCE) is a solvent commonly used for metal degreasing, textile processing, and dry cleaning. Studies on the risk of reproductive and developmental toxicity associated with PCE exposure have shown adverse effects among animals and humans. The proposed epidemiologic study will test the hypothesis that PCE found in the distributions systems of public drinking water supplies in the Cape Cod region of Massachusetts is associated with the following reproductive and developmental outcomes: sperm and menstrual abnormalities, impaired fecundity, secondary infertility, spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital malformations, and developmental disorders of learning and attention. This will be accomplished by conducting a population-based retrospective cohort study including approximately 2,200 Cape Cod children and their families who were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water and a comparable group of 2,200 unexposed children and their families. Families will be identified using Massachusetts birth records from 1968 through 1983. During this period, tens of thousands of Cape Cod residents were exposed to PCE when it leached from the vinyl lining of asbestos cement drinking water pipes. Families in the exposed group will include at least one child with prenatal and varying amounts of postnatal PCE exposure, and mothers and fathers with exposures during their reproductive years. Cohort family members will be traced, and mothers will be interviewed to obtain information on reproductive and developmental abnormalities, confounding variables, and residential histories. Reports of abnormalities will be verified by record review. Buccal swabs will be sought from mothers for later testing for susceptibility biomarkers by molecular methods. Exposure to PCE- contaminated drinking water will be estimated using an exposure model and geographic information system (GIS) database developed for our current Superfund Basic Research Center. The relative risk of each adverse outcome will be calculated in relation to PCE exposure while controlling for confounding variables. The impact of water use and breast feeding practices will be taken into account.