University of Sussex Astronomy Consolidated Grant 2020-2023

这项提议寻求资金，通过解决我们这个时代一些最紧迫的天文学问题，继续进行河外天体物理和宇宙学的广泛研究计划，例如，“宇宙的基本组成部分是什么？”“膨胀和暗能量的性质是什么，据信推动了宇宙早期和晚期的加速膨胀”，“什么过程支配着我们宇宙中最大天体和结构的形成？以及”星系是如何形成和演化的？我们将通过将理论工作(其中大部分使用高性能计算机)与多波长观测调查相结合来实现这一点。我们将应用先进的技术进行数值预测、数据分析和建模，并通过一系列国际项目来运用我们的技能。这项研究由12个不同但相互关联的项目组成，每个项目涉及一名或多名教职员工和研究人员，这些项目可归结为三大主题：早期和晚期宇宙宇宙学；银河系模拟和建模；星系和星系团观测和分析：早期和晚期宇宙宇宙学：一系列项目将解决关于膨胀、暗能量和大尺度结构的理论预测和观测限制。我们的工作既包括理论框架的发展，也包括对尖端观测数据集的分析(包括西蒙斯天文台、暗能量调查、大型天文望远镜和XMM-牛顿星系团调查)。星系模拟和建模：我们将利用Peta尺度的计算设施对第一批结构的形成和演化进行详细研究，并做出统计预测，这些预测可用于开发现有和即将使用的观测设施，如James Webb空间望远镜、欧几里德空间天文台、LOFAR、ALMA和平方公里阵列。星系和星系团观测：我们将利用多波长观测来回答有关星系形成和演化的各种问题。我们将继续利用我们在暗能量调查、星系和质量组装调查、LOFAR、Meerkat、大型天文望远镜和XMM-牛顿星系团调查中的参与。特别是，我们将开发一套新的先进工具，用来分析这些项目以及詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜等即将建立的设施的观测结果。

This proposal seeks funds to continue an extensive programme of research into extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology, by addressing some of the most pressing astronomical questions of our time, such as "What are the fundamental constituents of the Universe?", "What is the nature of inflation and dark energy, believed to drive accelerated expansion in the early and late universe", "What processes govern the formation of the largest objects and structure in our universe?, and "How do galaxies form and evolve"? We will do this by combining theoretical work, much of it using high-performance computers, with multi-wavelength observational surveys. We will apply advanced techniques for making numerical predictions, data analysis and modelling, and deploy our skills through a series of international projects.The research consists of twelve varied but interconnected projects, each involving one or more faculty members and researchers, that can be collected into three broad themes: Early and late universe cosmology; Galaxy simulation and modelling; Galaxy and cluster observations and analysis:Early and late universe cosmology: a series of projects will address theoretical predictions and observational constraints on inflation, dark energy and large scale structure. Our work encompasses both the development of theoretical frameworks and the analysis of cutting edge observational datasets (including the Simons Observatory, the Dark Energy Survey, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, and the XMM-Newton Cluster Survey). Galaxy simulation and modelling: we will use Peta-scale computing facilities to carry out detailed studies of the formation and evolution of the first structures, and make statistical predictions that can be used in the exploitation of current and upcoming observational facilities such as James Webb Space Telescope, the Euclid space observatory, LOFAR, ALMA, and the Square Kilometre Array.Galaxy and cluster observations: we will make use of multi-wavelength observations to answer a variety of questions concerning the formation and evolution of galaxies. We will continue to exploit our involvement in the Dark Energy Survey, the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey, LOFAR, Meerkat, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, and the XMM-Newton Cluster Survey. In particular we will develop a new set of advanced tools with which to analyse observations from these projects as well as upcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope.