MATERNAL CONTROL FEEDING STYLE--EATING/OBESITY EFFECTS

描述（申请人的摘要）：儿童肥胖症是一种普遍的且 在这个国家越来越多的条件。 鉴于其对健康的负面影响， 对于确定儿童肥胖的环境原因至关重要， 开展最有力的干预和预防工作。 内 在“指导临床科学家发展奖”的背景下， 一项研究验证了一个假设，即更多的母亲控制 喂养方式（MCFS）导致（1）儿童热量补偿差和（2） 增加孩子的身体脂肪。 我们称之为“母亲过度控制”模型， 儿童饮食，这些研究不允许关于 效果的方向。 因此，该模型可能无法准确描述 儿童肥胖症的形成途径。 我们提出了一个双胞胎研究，更严格地测试“母亲”， 过度控制”模型。 我们将研究88对3-5岁的双胞胎， 他们的母亲 每种性别将招募44对， 让我们可以在男孩和女孩中分别测试假设的模型。 在每种性别中，一半的双胞胎将是单卵的，一半将是单卵的。 二合子的 热量补偿和全身肥胖的措施将 在儿童题材上。 MCFS的自我报告和行为测量， 和一般父母控制（GPC），将采取对母亲。 使用 结构方程模型，我们将测试是否观察到的数据支持 假设的“母亲过度控制”模型 这个模型将被测试 （1）“儿童驱动”的因果模式， 哪些儿童表型引起MCFS增加，（2）一个“相互”的因果关系， 模型，（3）一个“基因型驱动”的因果模型，其中一个共同的遗传 肥胖症的原因是热量补偿差和肥胖增加， 儿童，这反过来又增加MCFS，和（4）一个“一般的父母， 控制”模型，其中GPC导致儿童表型的变化。 标准 统计标准将确定哪些模型最适合 观察数据。 这项研究将在一个由专家领导的 培训计划。 在短期内，候选人将获得个人 指导，“动手”培训，并与该领域的专家一起进行课程工作 行为遗传学的设计和分析，以及儿童的测量 热量补偿和身体组成。 领先的实验室，进进出出 将成为培训场所。 于长期 目标，候选人将获得成功竞争的技能 高级研究计划（例如，一等奖，RO-1），涉及 环境对儿童饮食行为和肥胖的影响。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): Pediatric obesity is a prevalent and increasing condition in this country. Given its negative health effects, it is essential to identify environmental causes of pediatric obesity so as to develop the most powerful interventions and prevention efforts. Within the context of a "Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award," the proposed research tests the hypothesis that greater amounts of Maternal Control Feeding Style (MCFS) cause (1) poor child caloric compensation and (2) increased child body fat. We call this the "Maternal Overcontrol" model of child eating and these studies do not allow for statements regarding direction of effect. Consequently, this model may not accurately depict a pathway by which pediatric obesity develops. We propose a twin study which more rigorously tests the "Maternal Overcontrol" model. We will study 88 twin pairs, 3-5 years of age, and their mothers. Forty-four pairs of each sex will be recruited, thus allowing us to test the hypothesized model separately among girls and boys. Within each gender, half of the twins will be monozygotic and half will be dizygotic. Measures of caloric compensation and total body adiposity will be taken on child subjects. Self-report and behavioral measures of MCFS, and general parental control (GPC), will be taken on mothers. Using structural equation modeling, we will test whether the observed data support the hypothesized "Maternal Overcontrol" model. This model will be tested against alternative models, including (1) a "child-driven" causal model in which child phenotypes elicit increased MCFS, (2) a "reciprocal" causal model, (3) a "genotype-driven" causal model in which a common genetic diathesis causes poor caloric compensation and increased adiposity in children, which in turn elicits increased MCFS, and (4) a "general parental control" model, in which GPC causes variation in child phenotypes. Standard statistical criteria will determine which model(s) are best "fit" by the observed data. This study will be conducted within the broader context of an expert-led training program. In the short-run, the candidate will receive personal instruction, "hands-on" training, and course work with experts in the areas of behavior genetics design and analysis, and the measurement of child caloric compensation and body composition. Leading laboratories, in and out of the home institution, will be training sites. In terms of long-term goals, the candidate will obtain the skills to successfully compete for advanced research programs (e.g., FIRST AWARD, RO-1) concerning environmental influences on child eating behavior and adiposity.