Exploring the Gravitational-wave Universe

探索引力波宇宙

• 批准号: ST/V005618/1
• 负责人: Stephen Fairhurst
• 金额: $ 353.74万
• 依托单位: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV005618%2F1
• 关键词: Exploring; Gravitational; wave; Universe

The era of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy began in 2015 with LIGO's detection of the binary black-hole merger event GW150914, at the time the most energetic event ever observed by humanity. The announcement of this spectacular event generated headlines worldwide and led to the award of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics. More detections followed, including the now-famous binary neutron star merger event GW170817 associated with GRB170817A - the first multi-messenger gravitational-wave event. To date LIGO and VIRGO have published the details of 15 high-confidence detections and released public alerts for more than 50 additional candidate signals.Cardiff University researchers in the Gravity Exploration Institute (GEI) have made critical contributions to these detections and to the opening of the gravitational-wave sky. Together, the research of the GEI spans the entire breadth of gravitational-wave astronomy, from fundamental research into instruments, the modelling, detection and interpretation of events, and implications for fundamental physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. The GEI has grown to become the fourth largest group in the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC), and our members provide leadership through a number of key strategic roles.We propose an ambitious programme that will have impacts across the breadth of gravitational-wave astronomy. This includes the development of advanced technology for future detectors, the creation of the most accurate state-of-the-art models for binary black hole signals, cutting edge techniques for real-time analysis of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data, fast and accurate characterisation of sources, and mapping gravitational-wave observations into new insights into astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics.Our experimental program focuses on technologies critical for upgrades to the current LIGO detectors and for next-generation observatories. We will increase the detector up-time and data quality by improving the seismic feedback control systems and implementing real time adaptive controls. We will develop lower-loss methods to reduce the noise in LIGO below the standard quantum limit and explore how co-located interferometers may further improve sensitivity. And we will pave the way for next-generation cryogenic detectors by building an input-output optics prototype operating at longer wavelengths, requiring the exploration of new lasers and optics.Our modelling, analysis, and astrophysics programme will benefit from synergy between the projects, yielding more precise source characterisation and astrophysical interpretations.We will perform the deepest analysis of the LIGO-Virgo data for gravitational-wave counterparts to gamma-ray bursts like GRB170817A. We will push the limits of multi-messenger astronomy by using machine learning techniques to detect generic transient signals such as supernovae, binary mergers, and accretion disk instabilities with sub-second latencies, enabling follow-up observations to catch the earliest electromagnetic emissions from these events.The ever increasing detection rates will allow us to explore further across the parameter space of compact binaries populations, including more rare events, but also require ever faster means of characterising detected signals. We will develop semi-analytical tools to provide an intuitive understanding of parameter estimation, allowing the prompt identification of exceptional events.We will implement complete, accurate, and fast inference techniques pioneered at Cardiff and apply then to infer neutron star equation of state. We will further develop tools to infer astrophysical populations from our observations and provide real-time updates to population models.Finally, we will compare the observed populations with astrophysical formation scenarios, exploiting the unprecedented data set and physically motivated models of binary populations, to infer the origins of gravitational waves.

引力波（GW）天文学的时代始于2015年，LIGO探测到了双星黑洞合并事件GW 150914，这是当时人类观测到的最具能量的事件。这一壮观事件的宣布引起了全球的头条新闻，并导致了2017年诺贝尔物理学奖的颁发。更多的探测随后，包括现在著名的双中子星星合并事件GW 170817与GRB 170817 A相关-第一个多信使引力波事件。到目前为止，LIGO和VIRGO已经公布了15个高置信度探测的细节，并发布了50多个额外候选信号的公共警报。重力探测研究所（GEI）的卡迪夫大学研究人员为这些探测和引力波天空的开放做出了重要贡献。GEI的研究涵盖了引力波天文学的整个领域，从基础研究到仪器，建模，检测和解释事件，以及对基础物理学，天体物理学和宇宙学的影响。GEI已经发展成为LIGO科学合作组织（LSC）的第四大组织，我们的成员通过许多关键的战略角色提供领导。我们提出了一个雄心勃勃的计划，将在整个引力波天文学领域产生影响。这包括为未来探测器开发先进技术，为二元黑洞信号创建最准确的最先进模型，实时分析LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA数据的尖端技术，快速准确地描述源，并将引力波观测映射到天体物理学，宇宙学，我们的实验项目侧重于对当前LIGO探测器和下一代天文台进行升级的关键技术。我们将通过改进地震反馈控制系统和实施真实的时间自适应控制来增加探测器的正常运行时间和数据质量。我们将开发低损耗的方法，以将LIGO中的噪声降低到标准量子极限以下，并探索如何协同定位干涉仪进一步提高灵敏度。我们将通过建立一个在更长波长下工作的输入-输出光学原型为下一代低温探测器铺平道路，这需要探索新的激光器和光学器件。我们的建模，分析和天体物理学计划将受益于项目之间的协同作用，产生更精确的源特征和天体物理学解释。我们将对LIGO-Virgo的引力数据进行最深入的分析，伽马射线爆发的对应物，如GRB 170817 A。我们将通过使用机器学习技术来探测超新星、双星合并和吸积盘不稳定性等一般瞬态信号，从而推动多信使天文学的极限，使后续观测能够捕捉到这些事件最早的电磁辐射。不断提高的探测率将使我们能够进一步探索紧凑双星种群的参数空间，包括更罕见的事件，而且还需要更快的表征检测到的信号的手段。我们将开发半分析工具，以提供一个直观的理解参数估计，允许异常事件的迅速识别。我们将实施完整，准确，快速的推理技术开创了卡迪夫和应用，然后推断中子星星状态方程。我们将进一步开发工具，从我们的观测中推断天体物理种群，并为种群模型提供实时更新。最后，我们将利用前所未有的数据集和二元种群的物理动机模型，将观测到的种群与天体物理形成情景进行比较，以推断引力波的起源。

项目成果

Erratum: “A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo” (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

勘误表：“先进 LIGO 和 Virgo 第二次观测运行后哈勃常数的引力波测量”(2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
• 通讯作者: Affeldt, C.

Search of the Early O3 LIGO Data for Continuous Gravitational Waves from the Cassiopeia A and Vela Jr. Supernova Remnants

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.082005
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;C. Adams;N. Adhikari;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;S. Albanesi;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;C. Anand;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;T. Andrade;N. Andrés;T. Andri'c;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Arnaud;S. Aronson;K. Arun;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;M. Assiduo;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;C. Badger;S. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;J. Baird;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;D. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;M. Bawaj;J. Bayley;A. Baylor;M. Bazzan;B. B'ecsy;V. Bedakihale;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;V. Benedetto;D. Beniwal;T. Bennett;J. Bentley;M. BenYaala;F. Bergamin;B. Berger;S. Bernuzzi;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;D. Beveridge;R. Bhandare;U. Bhardwaj;D. Bhattacharjee;S. Bhaumik;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;S. Bini;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;M. Bischi;S. Biscoveanu;A. Bisht;B. Biswas;M. Bitossi;M. Bizouard;J. Blackburn;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;F. Bobba;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;M. Boldrini;L. D. Bonavena;F. Bondu;E. Bonilla;R. Bonnand;P. Booker;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;N. Bose;S. Bose;V. Bossilkov;V. Boudart;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;A. Bramley;A. Branch;M. Branchesi;J. Brau;M. Breschi;T. Briant;J. Briggs;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;P. Brockill;A. Brooks;J. Brooks;D. Brown;S. Brunett;G. Bruno;R. Bruntz;J. Bryant;T. Bulik;H. Bulten;A. Buonanno;R. Buscicchio;D. Buskulic;C. Buy;R. Byer;L. Cadonati;G. Cagnoli;C. Cahillane;J. C. Bustillo;J. Callaghan;T. Callister;E. Calloni;J. Cameron;J. Camp;M. Canepa;S. Canevarolo;M. Cannavacciuolo;K. Cannon;H. Cao;E. Capote;G. Carapella;F. Carbognani;J. Carlin;M. 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Nagar;V. Napolano;I. Nardecchia;L. Naticchioni;B. Nayak;R. Nayak;B. Neil;J. Neilson;G. Nelemans;T. Nelson;M. Nery;P. Neubauer;A. Neunzert;K. Ng;S. Ng;C. Nguyen;P. Nguyen;T. Nguyen;S. Nichols;S. Nissanke;E. Nitoglia;F. Nocera;M. Norman;C. North;L. Nuttall;J. Oberling;B. O'Brien;J. O'Dell;E. Oelker;G. Oganesyan;J. Oh;S. -. Oh;F. Ohme;H. Ohta;M. A. Okada;C. Olivetto;R. Oram;B. O'reilly;R. Ormiston;N. Ormsby;L. F. Ortega;R. O’Shaughnessy;É. O’Shea;S. Ossokine;C. Osthelder;D. Ottaway;H. Overmier;A. Pace;G. Pagano;M. Page;G. Pagliaroli;A. Pai;S. Pai;J. R. Palamos;O. Palashov;C. Palomba;H. Pan;P. K. Panda;P. T. Pang;C. Pankow;F. Pannarale;B. Pant;F. Panther;F. Paoletti;A. Paoli;A. Paolone;H. Park;W. Parker;D. Pascucci;A. Pasqualetti;R. Passaquieti;D. Passuello;M. Patel;M. Pathak;B. Patricelli;A. S. Patron;S. Paul;E. Payne;M. Pedraza;M. Pegoraro;A. Pele;S. Penn;A. Perego;A. Pereira;T. Pereira;C. Perez;C. P'erigois;C. Perkins;A. Perreca;S. Perriès;J. Petermann;D. Petterson;H. Pfeiffer;K. A. Pham;K. S. Phukon;O. Piccinni;M. Pichot;M. Piendibene;F. Piergiovanni;L. Pierini;V. Pierro;G. Pillant;M. Pillas;F. Pilo;L. Pinard;I. Pinto;M. Pinto;K. Piotrzkowski;M. Pirello;M. Pitkin;E. Placidi;L. Planas;W. Plastino;C. Pluchar;R. Poggiani;E. Polini;D. T. Pong;S. Ponrathnam;P. Popolizio;E. Porter;R. Poulton;J. Powell;M. Pracchia;T. Pradier;A. K. Prajapati;K. Prasai;R. Prasanna;G. Pratten;M. Principe;G. Prodi;L. Prokhorov;P. Prosposito;L. Prudenzi;A. Puecher;M. Punturo;F. Puosi;P. Puppo;M. Purrer;H. Qi;V. Quetschke;R. Quitzow-James;F. Raab;G. Raaijmakers;H. Radkins;N. Radulesco;P. Raffai;S. X. Rail;S. Raja;C. Rajan;K. Ramirez;T. Ramirez;A. Ramos-Buades;J. Rana;P. Rapagnani;U. Rapol;A. Ray;V. Raymond;N. Raza;M. Razzano;J. Read;L. A. Rees;T. Regimbau;L. Rei;S. Reid;S. Reid;D. Reitze;P. Relton;A. Renzini;P. Rettegno;M. Rezac;F. Ricci;D. Richards;J. Richardson;L. Richardson;G. Riemenschneider;K. Riles;S. Rinaldi;K. Rink;M. Rizzo;N. Robertson;R. Robie;F. Robinet;A. Rocchi;S. Rodriguez;L. Rolland;J. Rollins;M. Romanelli;R. Romano;C. Romel;A. Romero-Rodr'iguez;I. Romero-Shaw;J. Romie;S. Ronchini;L. Rosa;C. Rose;D. Rosi'nska;M. Ross;S. Rowan;S. Rowlinson;S. Roy;S. Roy;S. Roy;D. Rozza;P. Ruggi;K. Ryan;S. Sachdev;T. Sadecki;J. Sadiq;M. Sakellariadou;O. Salafia;L. Salconi;M. Saleem;F. Salemi;A. Samajdar;E. Sanchez;Joaquín Sánchez;L. Sanchez;N. Sanchis-Gual;J. Sanders;A. Sanuy;T. R. Saravanan;N. Sarin;B. Sassolas;H. Satari;B. Sathyaprakash;O. Sauter;R. Savage;D. Sawant;H. Sawant;S. Sayah;D. Schaetzl;M. Scheel;J. Scheuer;M. Schiworski;P. Schmidt;S. Schmidt;R. Schnabel;M. Schneewind;R. Schofield;A. Schonbeck;B. Schulte;B. Schutz;E. Schwartz;J. Scott;S. Scott;M. Seglar-Arroyo;D. Sellers;A. Sengupta;D. Sentenac;E. Seo;V. Sequino;A. Sergeev;Y. Setyawati;T. Shaffer;M. Shahriar;B. Shams;A. Sharma;P. Sharma;P. Shawhan;N. Shcheblanov;M. Shikauchi;D. Shoemaker;D. Shoemaker;S. Shyamsundar;M. Sieniawska;D. Sigg;L. Singer;D. Singh;N. Singh;A. Singha;A. Sintes;V. Sipala;V. Skliris;B. Slagmolen;T. Slaven-Blair;J. Smetana;J. R. Smith;R. Smith;J. Soldateschi;S. Somala;E. Son;K. Soni;S. Soni;V. Sordini;F. Sorrentino;N. Sorrentino;R. Soulard;T. Souradeep;E. Sowell;V. Spagnuolo;A. Spencer;M. Spera;R. Srinivasan;A. Srivastava;V. Srivastava;K. Staats;C. Stachie;D. Steer;J. Steinlechner;S. Steinlechner;D. Stops;M. Stover;K. Strain;L. Strang;G. Stratta;A. Strunk;R. Sturani;A. Stuver;S. Sudhagar;V. Sudhir;H. Suh;T. Summerscales;H. Sun;L. Sun;S. Sunil;A. Sur;J. Suresh;P. Sutton;B. Swinkels;M. J. Szczepa'nczyk;P. Szewczyk;M. Tacca;S. Tait;C. Talbot;C. Talbot;A. Tanasijczuk;D. Tanner;D. Tao;L. Tao;E. Mart'in;C. Taranto;J. Tasson;R. Tenorio;J. Terhune;L. Terkowski;M. Thirugnanasambandam;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;J. E. Thompson;S. R. Thondapu;K. Thorne;E. Thrane;S. Tiwari;S. Tiwari;V. Tiwari;A. Toivonen;K. Toland;A. Tolley;M. Tonelli;A. Torres-Forn'e;C. Torrie;I. T. E. Melo;D. Toyra;A. Trapananti;F. Travasso;G. Traylor;M. Trevor;M. Tringali;A. Tripathee;L. Troiano;A. Trovato;L. Trozzo;R. Trudeau;D. Tsai;D. Tsai;K. W. Tsang;M. Tse;R. Tso;L. Tsukada;D. Tsuna;T. Tsutsui;K. Turbang;M. Turconi;A. Ubhi;R. Udall;K. Ueno;C. Unnikrishnan;A. Urban;A. Utina;H. Vahlbruch;G. Vajente;A. Vajpeyi;G. Valdes;M. Valentini;V. Valsan;N. Bakel;M. Beuzekom;J. Brand;C. Broeck;D. Vander-Hyde;L. V. D. Schaaf;J. V. Heijningen;J. Vanosky;N. Remortel;M. Vardaro;A. Vargas;V. Varma;M. Vas'uth;A. Vecchio;G. Vedovato;J. Veitch;P. Veitch;J. Venneberg;G. Venugopalan;D. Verkindt;P. Verma;Y. Verma;D. Veske;F. Vetrano;A. Vicer'e;S. Vidyant;A. Viets;A. Vijaykumar;V. Villa-Ortega;J. Vinet;A. Virtuoso;S. Vitale;T. Vo;H. Vocca;E. V. Reis;J. Wrangel;C. Vorvick;S. Vyatchanin;L. Wade;M. Wade;K. Wagner;R. Walet;M. Walker;G. Wallace;L. Wallace;S. Walsh;J. Wang;W. H. Wang;R. Ward;J. Warner;M. Was;N. Y. Washington;J. Watchi;B. Weaver;S. Webster;M. Weinert;A. Weinstein;R. Weiss;G. Weldon;C. Weller;F. Wellmann;L. Wen;P. Wessels;K. Wette;J. Whelan;D. White;B. Whiting;C. Whittle;D. Wilken;D. Williams;M. Williams;A. Williamson;J. Willis;B. Willke;D. Wilson;W. Winkler;C. Wipf;T. Włodarczyk;G. Woan;J. Woehler;J. Wofford;I. C. Wong;D. Wu;D. Wysocki;L. Xiao;H. Yamamoto;F. Yang;L. Yang;Yang Yang-Yang;Z. Yang;M. Yap;D. Yeeles;A. Yelikar;M. Ying;J. Yoo;Hang Yu;Haocun Yu;A. Zadro.zny;M. Zanolin;T. Zelenova;J. Zendri;M. Zevin;J. Zhang;L. Zhang;T. Zhang;Y. Zhang;C. Zhao;G. Zhao;Yue Zhao;R. Zhou;Z. Zhou;X. Zhu;A. Zimmerman;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig

A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abdcb7
• 发表时间: 2021-03-01
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Zweizig, J.
• 通讯作者: Zweizig, J.

Searches for continuous gravitational waves from young supernova remnants in the early third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac17ea
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal

Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Fermi and Swift during the LIGO–Virgo Run O3a

搜索与费米和斯威夫特在 LIGO–Virgo Run O3a 期间检测到的伽马射线爆发相关的引力波

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abee15
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.;Agathos, M.
• 通讯作者: Agathos, M.