Hyper-Kamiokande construction

超神冈构造

• 批准号: ST/V006223/1
• 负责人: Francesca Di Lodovico
• 金额: $ 26.14万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV006223%2F1
• 关键词: Hyper; Kamiokande; construction

Hyper-Kamiokande will be both a microscope for discovering the properties of neutrinos and a neutrino telescope for observing the cosmos.Hyper-K's physics goals, aligned with the STFC Science Challenges, require a step-change in intensity, magnitude and precision over current experiments. This is timely as our objectives exceed the capabilities of the current facilities and new larger detectors with a more powerful beam are needed.We propose to develop key components for data-readout, calibration, an intense neutrino source [if awarded the infrastructure grant] background noise suppression that will create unique scientific opportunities for UK scientists and engineers. \Hyper-Kamiokande is a large infrastructure for particle physics and astrophysics within the Physical Sciences & Engineering research and innovation spectrum. Its main goal is to make measurements that will help us to understand why there is more matter than antimatter in the Universe. It provides a state-of-the-art, high-precision infrastructure that will be used by scientists from 19 countries to address fundamental scientific questions during its period of operation of at least 20 years from 2027. The infrastructure consists of three facilities. The first is an accelerator at J-PARC (Japan) capable of producing a very intense beam of neutrinos or antineutrinos. Close to the beam an assembly of detectors (near detectors) and an Intermediate Water Cherenkov detector (IWCD) determine the initial properties of the beam particles. A far detector (also called Hyper-Kamiokande) 295km from the beam source and situated in a deep mine in Tochibora (Japan) measures the changes in the particles' properties in a vast 260kton tank of pure water surrounded by an array of high-performance photosensors (PMTs). Comparing neutrino and antineutrino properties will provide unique information on Charge-Parity (CP) violation that will help to unravel the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. In addition to the world's most sensitive search for neutrino CP violation, the far detector will provide an unparalleled observatory in which a wide range of physical properties of the Universe will be investigated. They include searches for proton decay, a process not yet observed; the most accurate measurement of neutrinos from supernovae; and the first evidence of relic neutrinos from supernovae in the early Universe. The accelerator beam upgrade, far-detector excavation and significant parts of the far detector itself were approved in January 2020 by the Japanese government. Hyper-K builds on a successful tradition of water Cherenkov detectors (Kamioka and Super-Kamiokande), with two Nobel Prizes awarded so far. Over the last 15 years, we have been an important part of the success of the T2K and Super-Kamiokande experiments recognised by the award of the 2016 Breakthrough Prize in Physics. We plan to build on this success within Hyper-K, where we play a key role in designing the project. We have strong influence through leadership positions, including one of the two Project Leaders, and plan to play a role in the experiment consistent with our size and experience; we are the largest country in Hyper-K after Japan. The Hyper-Kamiokande project leverages the important investment the UK has already made in its predecessor T2K and considerable work and accumulated experience in long-baseline experiments as well as leveraging on investments from Japan (around half a billion GBP) as well as other countries.

“超级神冈”将既是发现中微子特性的显微镜，也是观测宇宙的中微子望远镜。Hyper-K的物理目标与STFC科学挑战相一致，要求在强度、幅度和精度上比当前的实验有一个阶梯式的变化。这是及时的，因为我们的目标超出了现有设施的能力，需要新的更大的探测器和更强大的光束。我们建议开发数据读取、校准、强中微子源（如果获得基础设施拨款）背景噪声抑制的关键组件，这将为英国科学家和工程师创造独特的科学机会。\Hyper-Kamiokande是物理科学与工程研究和创新领域的粒子物理学和天体物理学大型基础设施。它的主要目标是进行测量，帮助我们理解为什么宇宙中的物质比反物质多。它提供了最先进的高精度基础设施，从2027年开始至少20年的运行期间，将由来自19个国家的科学家用于解决基本科学问题。基础设施由三个设施组成。第一个是日本J-PARC的加速器，能够产生非常强烈的中微子或反中微子束。靠近光束的探测器组件（近探测器）和中间水切伦科夫探测器（IWCD）确定光束粒子的初始性质。距离光束源295公里的远距探测器（也被称为“超神冈探测器”）位于日本托chibora的一个深矿中，它在一个巨大的260万吨纯水罐中测量粒子性质的变化，该罐中装有一系列高性能光电传感器（pmt）。比较中微子和反中微子的性质将提供关于电荷宇称（CP）违反的独特信息，这将有助于解开宇宙中物质-反物质的不对称性。除了世界上最灵敏的中微子CP违逆搜索之外，远探测器还将提供一个无与伦比的天文台，在这个天文台中，人们将研究宇宙的各种物理特性。它们包括寻找质子衰变，这是一个尚未观察到的过程；最精确地测量来自超新星的中微子；也是早期宇宙中超新星遗留中微子的第一个证据。日本政府于2020年1月批准了加速器束升级、远距探测器挖掘和远距探测器本身的重要部分。Hyper-K建立在水切伦科夫探测器（神冈和超级神冈）的成功传统之上，迄今已获得两次诺贝尔奖。在过去的15年里，我们一直是获得2016年物理学突破奖的T2K和超级神冈实验成功的重要组成部分。我们计划在Hyper-K中取得成功，我们在设计项目中发挥关键作用。我们通过领导职位（包括两个项目负责人之一）具有强大的影响力，并计划在与我们的规模和经验相一致的实验中发挥作用；我们是仅次于日本的Hyper-K最大的国家。“超级神冈”项目利用了英国在其前身T2K项目中所做的重要投资，以及在长期基线实验中所做的大量工作和积累的经验，并利用了来自日本（约5亿英镑）和其他国家的投资。