SYNERGISTIC CARCINOGENICTY OF UVA AND BENZO(A)PYRENE

阳光照射和多环芳烃（PAHs）与人类皮肤癌有关。据推测，过度暴露于长波紫外线A（UVA）与吸烟或环境污染产生的多环芳烃可能与皮肤癌的惊人增加有关。该方案的核心假设是广泛分布的环境污染物苯并（a）芘（BaP）作为光敏剂在UVA照射下产生活性氧（ROS）。BaP-UVA照射产生的活性氧可诱导DNA氧化损伤，增强BaP-DNA加合物的形成（遗传效应），并激活信号转导级联（表观遗传效应）。因此，亚细胞胺原性BaP和UVA的组合增强了启动和促进活性，随后导致协同致癌性。为了检验既定假设，提出了四个具体目标。最初的目的是确定UVA和BaP是否协同增强皮肤致癌作用。将BaP局部应用于无毛小鼠的背部皮肤或经口给药，然后进行UVA照射。将记录潜伏期、肿瘤发生率和多样性，以评价协同作用。第二个目的是阐明体内协同作用的机制。我们将确定苯并（a）芘的应用是否增强UVA照射小鼠皮肤和肿瘤组织中氧化剂、氧化的DNA碱基和庞大的DNA加合物的形成、原癌基因的表达以及ms癌基因和p53肿瘤抑制基因的突变。第三个目的是表征体外协同作用的分子机制。小鼠和人类角质形成细胞将被用来研究苯并（a）芘调节UVA诱导的DNA氧化损伤、表皮生长因子受体的磷酸化以及酪氨酸蛋白激酶和促分裂原活化蛋白激酶的活化的机制。最后，我们将研究局部应用SOD仿生抑制氧化剂的产生，DNA氧化以及皮肤致瘤性的BaP-UVA。 干预BaP和UVA增强的DNA氧化损伤和皮肤癌的发生将证实ROS的重要作用，并帮助我们阐明长波紫外线和BaP协同作用的分子机制。

Sunlight exposure and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been implicated in human skin cancers. It is assumed that excess exposure to long wavelength ultraviolet A (UVA) combined with PAHs from cigarette smoking or environmental pollution may be associated with the alarmingly increased skin cancers. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that a wide-spread environmental pollutant benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) serves as a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon UVA inadiation. ROS preduced by BaP-UVA treatment induce oxidative DNA damage, enhance the BaP-DNA adduct fonnation (genetic effect) as well as activate the signal transduction cascades (epigenetic effects). Thus, combination of subcaminogenic BaP and UVA potentiates both initiating and promoting activities, and subsequently leads to synergistic carcinogenicity. To test the established hypothesis, four specific aims have been proposed. The initial aim is to determine if UVA and BaP synergistically enhance skin carcinogenesis. BaP will be topically applied to dorsal skin of hairless mice or orally administered, then followed by UVA irradiation. The latent period, tumor incidence and multiplicity will be recorded to evaluate the synergetic action. The second aim is to elucidate the mechanisms of synergistic action in vivo. We will determine if application of BaP potentiates the formation of oxidants, oxidized DNA bases and bulky DNA adducts, expression of protooncogenes, and mutation of ms oncogenes and p53 tumor suppressor genes in UVA-irradiated mouse skin and tumor tissues. The third aim is to characterize molecular mechanisms of synergetic action in vitro. Murine and human keratinocytes will be used to investigate the mechanisms by which BaP modulates UVA-induced oxidative DNA damage, phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and activation of tyrosine protein kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Finally, we will examine if topical application of a SOD biomimetic inhibits oxidant generation, DNA oxidation as well as skin tumorigenicity by BaP-UVA. Intervention of BaP plus UVA-enhanced oxidative DNA damage and skin carcinogenesis will confirm the important role of ROS and help us elucidate the molecular mechanisms of synergetic action of long wavelength UV light and BaP.