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Star formation in galaxies from the Epoch of Reionisation to the present day with JWST

JWST 揭示了从再电离时代至今的星系中的恒星形成

基本信息

批准号：
ST/W001438/1
负责人：
Emma Curtis Lake
金额：
$ 64.79万
依托单位：
University of Hertfordshire
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW001438%2F1
关键词：
Star formation galaxies Epoch Reionisation

项目摘要

The first galaxies looked very different to the awe-inspiring spirals and ellipticals that populate the Universe today. The finite speed of light means that the further away an object is to us, the further back in time we are seeing it. This has permitted us to glimpse the messy, turbulent and erratic galaxies populating the toddler stage of the Universe, thanks to the Hubble space telescope peering into distant space. Meanwhile, ground and space based observatories have been building a more complete, nuanced picture of the teenage years through to it's current, relatively ordered, adult state. But huge chunks of the picture are still missing and it will take the next great space-based observatory, the James Webb space telescope (JWST), to start filling them in.The part of the picture I will be filling in is investigating how galaxies form their stars, from the early Universe to the present day. From the properties of the gas making up the stellar nurseries I will investigate what elements are present for that particular stellar generation, as well as learning about the stars themselves from how they make that gas shine. I will probe spectra for tracers of smoothly evolving or abruptly changing star formation, to indicate how erratic the star formation is at different epochs. I will search for signatures of accreting supermassive black holes, systems that are so powerful we think they are able to heat gas and prevent further stars from forming throughout a whole galaxy. For the first time we will be able to do these studies with the same observational tracers used to disentangle factors affecting star formation locally. A significant aim for this research is to plot the evolution of these factors from the Universe's infancy to the present day using a consistent approach.In astronomy we are always faced with the problem that our observations are but snapshots of the past, and we have no way to trace an individual galaxy's evolution with time. I will therefore be using various hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy evolution to interpret the population statistics provided by this program. Not least, the bespoke COCKATOO simulation traces metals formed within different stellar types, as well as their ejection into the space between, ready to mix, cool and form subsequent stellar generations.

最初的星系看起来与今天宇宙中令人敬畏的螺旋星系和椭圆星系非常不同。光速有限意味着一个物体离我们越远，我们看到它的时间就越久远。多亏了哈勃太空望远镜对遥远空间的观测，这使得我们得以瞥见宇宙蹒跚学步阶段的混乱、动荡和不稳定的星系。与此同时，地面和太空观测站一直在构建一幅更完整、更细致的青少年时期的图景，直到目前相对有序的成年状态。但是图像的大部分仍然缺失，这将需要下一个伟大的太空天文台，詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）来开始填补它们。我要填补的部分是研究星系是如何形成恒星的，从早期的宇宙到现在。从构成恒星托儿所的气体的特性出发，我将研究在那一代恒星中存在的元素，并从恒星如何使气体发光中了解恒星本身。我将探测平稳演化或突然变化的恒星形成的示踪剂光谱，以表明恒星形成在不同时期是多么不稳定。我将寻找吸积的超大质量黑洞的特征，这些系统非常强大，我们认为它们能够加热气体，并阻止整个星系中形成更多的恒星。这是我们第一次能够使用同样的观测示踪剂来进行这些研究，这些示踪剂用于解开局部影响恒星形成的因素。这项研究的一个重要目的是用一种一致的方法来绘制这些因素从宇宙婴儿期到现在的演变。在天文学中，我们总是面临这样的问题：我们的观测只是过去的快照，我们没有办法追踪单个星系随时间的演变。因此，我将使用各种星系演化的流体动力学模拟来解释这个程序提供的人口统计数据。尤其重要的是，定制的COCKATOO模拟追踪了在不同恒星类型中形成的金属，以及它们喷射到空间之间，准备混合，冷却并形成后续的恒星一代。