MENTORED CLINICAL SCIENTIST DEVELOPMENT AWARD

指导临床科学家发展奖

• 批准号: 6388659
• 负责人: ISABEL Diana FERNANDEZ
• 金额: $ 10.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-20 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6388659
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); body composition; clinical research; culture; data collection methodology /evaluation; epidemiology; genetic susceptibility; human data; human population study; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; nutrient intake activity; nutrition related tag; obesity; outcomes research; postpartum; pregnancy; prognosis; psychological stressor; racial /ethnic difference; socioeconomics; statistics /biometry; women's health; young adult human (21-34)

The overall goal of this career development plan is to establish an independent research program in the epidemiology of obesity in children at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. Prevalences of overweight and obesity are rising in the United States, especially among females of low socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic minorities. Pregnancy has been described as a life event in which excessive weight can be gained and subsequently retained. Thus, research and training activities will concentrate on the identification of the independent and joint determinants of gestational weight gain and post-partum weight retention in adolescents and young adults of different racial/ethnic groups as major determinants of overweight and obesity in women. The specific aims are: 1) To establish a systematic training program in adolescent nutrition and behavior, special nutritional needs of pregnant adolescents, measurement of nutritional status in pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents, statistical analysis of longitudinal and multi-level data, and measurement and analysis of community-level variables; 2) To analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal data on biological, sociodemographic, behavioral, and community-level determinants of pregnancy weight gain and post-partum weight retention m women from the New York State Regional Perinatal Data System and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA); 3) To design an observational prospective study of adolescents and young adults to identify the biological, behavioral, sociodemographic, psychological, and community-level determinants of pregnancy weight-gain and post-partum weight retention among racial/ethnic minorities. The proposed career development activities involve training in the measurement and interpretation of body composition; in reproductive, behavioral/mental health, and nutrition and healthy lifestyle issues in adolescents; in Responsible Conduct of Research; and in longitudinal and qualitative data analysis. At the end of the training program, the candidate will be an independent investigator in the field of pediatric nutrition epidemiology. The clinical and public health significance of this proposal are based on a report from the Institute of Medicine suggesting that African-American women and adolescents gain in the upper end of the recommended weight-gain during pregnancy, a warning in the literature as to the health risks to young adolescents of retaining weight gained during pregnancy, and a national goal of reducing health disparities among Americans. In addition, there is a scarcity of empirical longitudinal data on the differential determinants of pregnancy weight-gain and post-partum weight retention in adolescents of various socioeconomic and racial/ethnic minorities. Examining biological, sociocultural, and community-level factors that may differ among specific population subgroups becomes relevant in order to tailor strategies which prevent post-partum weight retention without threatening either the mother's or the newborn's health. Given the adverse health effect of obesity and the difficulties involved in maintaining weight loss, primary prevention of obesity is of particular public health importance.

该职业发展计划的总体目标是在罗切斯特大学医学院建立儿童肥胖流行病学的独立研究项目。在美国，超重和肥胖的患病率正在上升，特别是在社会经济地位较低的女性和少数种族/族裔中。怀孕被描述为一种生活事件，其中体重可能会增加并随后保持。因此，研究和培训活动将集中于确定不同种族/族裔群体的青少年和年轻人妊娠期体重增加和产后体重保持的独立和联合决定因素，作为妇女超重和肥胖的主要决定因素。具体目标是： 1）建立青少年营养与行为、怀孕青少年特殊营养需求、怀孕和非怀孕青少年营养状况测量、纵向和多层次数据统计分析以及社区层面变量测量和分析等方面的系统培训计划； 2) 分析来自纽约州区域围产期数据系统和年轻人冠状动脉风险发展研究 (CARDIA) 的女性妊娠期体重增加和产后体重保持的生物学、社会人口学、行为和社区层面决定因素的横断面和纵向数据； 3) 设计一项针对青少年和年轻人的观察性前瞻性研究，以确定少数种族/族裔中妊娠期体重增加和产后体重保留的生物学、行为、社会人口学、心理和社区层面的决定因素。拟议的职业发展活动包括身体成分测量和解释方面的培训；青少年的生殖、行为/心理健康以及营养和健康生活方式问题；负责任的研究行为；以及纵向和定性数据分析。培训计划结束后，候选人将成为儿科营养流行病学领域的独立调查员。该提案的临床和公共卫生意义基于医学研究所的一份报告，该报告表明非裔美国妇女和青少年在怀孕期间的体重增加达到了建议的上限，文献中警告青少年保持怀孕期间体重增加的健康风险，并制定了缩小美国人之间健康差距的国家目标。此外，关于不同社会经济和种族/族裔少数群体的青少年妊娠期体重增加和产后体重保持的不同决定因素，缺乏实证纵向数据。为了制定防止产后体重滞留而不威胁母亲或新生儿健康的策略，检查特定人群亚组之间可能存在差异的生物学、社会文化和社区因素变得有意义。 鉴于肥胖对健康的不利影响以及维持体重减轻的困难，肥胖的一级预防对于公共卫生具有特别重要的意义。