Characterisation of Chemical Signalling from Beneficial Trichoderma spp.

有益木霉属化学信号的表征。

• 批准号: 1622285
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1622285
• 关键词: Characterisation; Chemical; Signalling; Beneficial; Trichoderma

Trichoderma species are ubiquitous soil saprotrophs utilized in agriculture for their biocontrol activities. Some strains additionally possess the ability to activate induced systemic resistance (ISR) to a broad range of pathogens. Other strains have been shown to stimulate plant growth through the production of plant-growth-promoting (PGP) compounds, although both traits are rarely found together. This project focuses upon a novel, free-living, strain of T. hamatum, which exhibits biocontrol and plant growth promotion (PGP) capabilities in both monocots and dicots, controls plant diseases caused by pre- and post-emergence pathogens, can induce systemic resistance and modify root architecture, even in species where no increase in canopy development is evident (e.g. maize & wheat). As with other biocontrol/PGP solutions, field application presents many challenges. Complex cross-talk occurs during beneficial rhizosphere interactions and is influenced by the climate, soil type, time of year and host genotype, e.g. in tomato-T. atroviride and T. harzianum interactions. Therefore, there is significant added value in studies that seek to understand and exploit the chemical ecology that underpins beneficial traits conferred by Trichoderma in the rhizosphere. This project will use an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate the novel bioactive chemistry produced by T. hamatum that contributes to these agronomically important traits. Bioassay-guided fractionation (using advanced chromatographic/spectroscopic analysis i.e. MS and NMR) will be used to identify bioactive natural products from microcosm extracts of Trichoderma hamatum that provide protection of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) or brassicas against the soil pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotorium (Ss). In-soil capture of the identified chemical signals, from Trichoderma isolates and the host plants will be carried out by the insertion of reverse-phase coated fibres into Trichoderma-amended soil environment of plants, in the presence or absence of Ss, and then elution/analysis of the captured compounds. This technique will shed light on the identity of the causal metabolites involved in potential enhancement of root defence against herbivores eg. clover root weevils, Sitona lepidus. This interdisciplinary project will provide training in aspects of natural product chemistry, chemical ecology and microbiology. It will be based in Rothamsted in the lab of MB, where training in biological chemistry methods including bioassay-guided fractionation and analysis will be provided. The first year rotation will be based in MG's lab in Exeter. The candidate will train in generating microcosms, preparation of extracts with antibiotic activity from wild-type and mutant T. hamatum and undertake biological assays to evaluate Ss (or other pathogen) performance in a background of extracts, fractions and compounds.

木霉菌是广泛存在于土壤中的腐生性微生物，在农业上具有生防活性。一些菌株还具有激活对广泛病原体的诱导系统抗性（ISR）的能力。其他菌株已被证明通过产生植物生长促进（PGP）化合物来刺激植物生长，尽管这两种特性很少同时存在。这个项目的重点是一个新的，自由生活，T。在单子叶植物和双子叶植物中均表现出生物控制和植物生长促进（PGP）能力的钩虫，控制由芽前和芽后病原体引起的植物疾病，可以诱导系统抗性并改变根结构，即使在冠层发育没有明显增加的物种中（例如玉米和小麦）。与其他生物防治/PGP解决方案一样，现场应用面临许多挑战。复杂的串扰发生在有益的根际相互作用，并受到气候，土壤类型，一年中的时间和宿主基因型，例如在番茄T。atroviride和T. harzianum相互作用因此，有显着的附加值的研究，试图了解和利用化学生态学的基础上的有益性状赋予木霉在根际。本项目将采用跨学科的方法来阐明T.钩虫是促成这些重要农艺性状的重要因素。生物测定引导的分级分离（使用先进的色谱/光谱分析，即MS和NMR）将用于鉴定来自钩状木霉的微宇宙提取物的生物活性天然产物，所述生物活性天然产物提供莴苣（莴苣）或芸苔属植物对土壤病原体核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotorium）的保护。从木霉分离物和宿主植物中识别的化学信号的土壤中捕获将通过在Ss存在或不存在下将反相涂覆的纤维插入木霉改良的植物土壤环境中，然后洗脱/分析捕获的化合物来进行。这项技术将揭示的因果代谢物的身份参与潜在的增强根防御草食动物，如。三叶草根象鼻虫、细叶象鼻虫。这个跨学科项目将提供天然产物化学、化学生态学和微生物学方面的培训。它将设在MB实验室的Rothamsted，在那里将提供生物化学方法的培训，包括生物测定指导的分馏和分析。第一年的轮换将设在MG的实验室在埃克塞特。候选人将在产生微观世界，从野生型和突变T制备具有抗生素活性的提取物方面进行培训。hamatum和进行生物测定，以评估Ss（或其他病原体）在提取物，馏分和化合物的背景下的性能。