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Developing Resilience to Icelandic Volcanic Eruptions

增强对冰岛火山喷发的抵御能力

基本信息

批准号：
1636742
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1636742
关键词：
Developing Resilience Icelandic Volcanic Eruptions

项目摘要

When Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted in 2010, the large scale restrictions on European airspace resulted in significant financial loss across the airline industry and the global economy. The Met Office Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) is responsible for providing forecasts of volcanic ash from Icelandic volcanoes and has now established a new network of ten ground-remote sensing sites across the UK providing independent estimates of the mass concentration of volcanic ash. This network uses a combination of sun-photometers and lidars to estimate the volcanic ash concentration. The Met Office is also resourced with the Met Office Civil Contingency Aircraft (MOCCA; http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/publicsector/emergencies/civil_contingency_aircraft) equipped with a lidar and in-situ instrumentation for sampling aerosols.DRIVE will have unique access to data from these facilities and will use in-situ observations to assess the accuracy of the lidar and sun-photometer remote sensing retrievals. The student will use routine forecasts of mineral dust (a proxy for volcanic ash) over the UK from the Met Office and other models (http:sds-was.aemet.es/forecast-products/dust-forecasts/compared-dust-forecasts), to assess when a Saharan dust outbreak is imminent (typical lead-time of 48-72 hours). The student and supervisors will direct MOCCA to perform dedicated flights over selected cloud-free lidar/sun-photometer sites impacted by Saharan dust. The student will analyse aircraft in-situ measurements of the aerosol size distribution, the vertical profile of the scattering and aerosol optical depth derived from nephelometers and will use radiative scattering and transfer codes to derive the aerosol specific extinction coefficient for use in the inversion algorithms. The student will assess the surface- and aircraft-based lidar retrievals of mineral dust concentration allowing an objective assessment of the uncertainty associated with each. The student will also use the aircraft data to assess and improve the accuracy of forecasts of mineral dust from the global numerical weather prediction and air quality models.

2010年冰岛Eyjafjallajökull火山喷发时，对欧洲空域的大规模限制给航空业和全球经济造成了巨大的经济损失。英国气象局火山灰咨询中心(VAAC)负责提供冰岛火山喷发的火山灰预测，目前已在英国各地建立了一个由十个地面遥感站点组成的新网络，提供对火山灰质量浓度的独立估计。这个网络使用太阳光度计和激光雷达的组合来估计火山灰的浓度。气象局还配备了英国气象局民用应急飞机(MOCCA；http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/publicsector/emergencies/civil_contingency_aircraft))，配备了激光雷达和现场气溶胶采样仪器。DRIVE将以独特的方式获得这些设施的数据，并将利用现场观测来评估激光雷达和太阳光度计遥感反演的准确性。学生将使用英国气象局和其他模型(http:sds-was.aemet.es/forecast-products/dust-forecasts/compared-dust-forecasts)，对英国上空矿物粉尘(火山灰的替代)的常规预报，以评估撒哈拉沙尘爆发即将到来的时间(典型的提前时间为48-72小时)。学生和导师将指导MOCCA在受撒哈拉沙漠沙尘影响的特定无云激光雷达/太阳光度计站点执行专门飞行。学生将分析飞机现场测量的气溶胶尺寸分布、散射的垂直剖面和由浊度计得出的气溶胶光学厚度，并将使用辐射散射和传输代码来推导气溶胶特定消光系数，以用于反演算法。学生将评估地面和基于飞机的激光雷达对矿物粉尘浓度的反演，从而客观地评估与每一种浓度相关的不确定性。学生还将使用飞机数据来评估和提高全球数值天气预报和空气质量模式对矿物粉尘预报的准确性。