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End-User Programming of Visualizations

可视化的最终用户编程

基本信息

批准号：
1649585
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1649585
关键词：
End User Programming Visualizations

项目摘要

Visualizations have become important means of communicating information. As databecomes accessible for more people with no background in programming and dataanalytics, there is a growing need for more user-centered visualization software. Thisresearch proposal aims to investigate visualization creation from an end user developmentperspective, using the Attention Investment model of programming.Information visualization has become a common activity for many people. Visualizationsrange from simple graphs to infographics, are created by journalists publishing theirfindings or designers covering an entire topic in an expressive, compelling visualization,and can target news readers, business people or research audiences. Given the verydifferent groups of people that are using visualizations as means of communication, theways of creating these visualizations are diverse. Victor (2013) classifies these ways inthree paradigms: using, drawing and coding, each embodied in different softwareapplications. Representative examples would be Microsoft Excel, Adobe Illustrator andD3.js respectively.This research project proposes to look at data visualization from the perspective of enduser programming. From the end user perspective, learning a programming language forcreating visualizations, like Processing or Data-Driven Documents (D3.js) (Bostock et al.2011), is too expensive. As such, end users prefer to use a more direct manipulation ofinformation, for example spreadsheets (Lieberman et al 2006). However, research on thetopic of information visualization very rarely appears to be done in a user-centric manner,even if it's directed for end users (Pantazos et al. 2013).The approach proposed for end user programming of visualizations also draws on thetheory of Attention Investment (Blackwell 2002, Blackwell & Green 1999). The theory hasbeen successfully applied mostly to various spreadsheet functionalities (Beckwith et al.2002, Jones et al 2003), but not to data visualizations.Guided by the Attention Investment model, the aim is to study the cognitive aspects ofinformation visualization creation, how existing systems support the users and createprototypes for data visualization that accounts for the perceived costs, risks and benefits ofthe end users.

可视化已经成为交流信息的重要手段。随着更多没有编程和数据分析背景的人可以访问数据库，对更多以用户为中心的可视化软件的需求越来越大。该研究方案旨在从终端用户开发的角度，使用编程的注意力投资模型来研究可视化创建。信息可视化已经成为许多人的一种常见活动。可视化的范围从简单的图表到信息图表，由记者发布他们的调查结果或设计师以富有表现力的、引人注目的可视化覆盖整个主题而创建，可以针对新闻读者、商界人士或研究受众。鉴于使用可视化作为交流手段的人群非常不同，创建这些可视化的方式也是多种多样的。Victor(2013)将这些方法归类为三种范式：使用、绘图和编码，每一种都体现在不同的软件应用中。代表性的例子分别是Microsoft Excel、Adobe Illustrator和D3.js。本研究项目提出从终端用户编程的角度来看待数据可视化。从最终用户的角度来看，学习一种用于创建可视化的编程语言，如处理或数据驱动文档(D3.js)(Bostock等人，2011)，成本太高。因此，终端用户更喜欢使用更直接的信息操作，例如电子表格(Lieberman等人，2006年)。然而，关于信息可视化主题的研究很少以用户为中心，即使它是针对最终用户的(Pantazos等人。提出的可视化终端用户编程方法也借鉴了注意力投资理论(Blackwell 2002，Blackwell&Green 1999)。该理论已成功地应用于各种电子表格功能(Beckwith等人，2002，Jones等人2003)，但没有应用于数据可视化。在注意力投资模型的指导下，目标是研究信息可视化创建的认知方面，现有系统如何支持用户，并创建考虑最终用户感知成本、风险和收益的数据可视化原型。