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SUSY and dark matter searches using the ATLAS detector

使用 ATLAS 探测器进行 SUSY 和暗物质搜索

基本信息

批准号：
1653076
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1653076
关键词：
SUSY dark matter searches using

项目摘要

Scattering experiments govern our study of natural phenomena. Our eyes make observations via the scattering of light. Understanding its behaviour allowed microscopes and telescopes to be built, which Hooke and Galileo used to unveil then hidden structures of cellular biology and extraterrestrial moons. This set the basis of empirical enquiry: making measurements to probe known phenomena allows the construction of instruments to reveal unknown sectors of nature. The science at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is no exception. This modern incarnation of the microscope is the most sophisticated scattering experiment in human history. Situated at CERN on the Swiss-French border, its discoveries could profoundly deepen our understanding of space and time to the matter and forces in our universe, which is the subject of this thesis. The LHC scatters proton beams at the world's highest centre-of-momentum energies of 13 TeV. TheATLAS detector measures the resulting debris using tracking, calorimetry and muon systems based on a variety of solid, liquid and gaseous phase technologies, enabling a rich physics programme. This class of scattering experiment exploits two striking features of relativity and quantum mechanics: 1) matter-energy equivalence enables production of new distinct particles, and 2) particle-wave duality opens non-optical probes of subatomic structures. Decades of experimental and theoretical work reconciled these two pictures, culminating in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This principled and predictive theory continues to describe all observed phenomena at colliders with remarkable success.However, as a fundamental description of nature, the Standard Model has numerous shortcomings. Two of the most pressing addressed in this thesis are a) the fine-tuned structure of fundamental parameters, and b) no viable particle to explain the observed astrophysical dark matter. One class of solutions extends spacetime symmetries of the SM using supersymmetry. This predicts partners of SM particles which differ by half a unit - 1 - of spin and are accessible at the LHC. Two complementary experimental programmes seek evidence for such new phenomena: 1) empirically testing the consistency of relativity and quantum mechanics at the energy frontier, and 2) directly searching for new phenomena to reveal unprobed sectors of nature.

散射实验支配着我们对自然现象的研究。我们的眼睛通过光的散射进行观察。了解它的行为使得显微镜和望远镜得以制造，胡克和伽利略用它们揭示了当时隐藏的细胞生物学和外星卫星的结构。这为实证研究奠定了基础：通过测量来探测已知现象，从而可以建造仪器来揭示自然的未知部分。大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 的科学也不例外。这种显微镜的现代化身是人类历史上最复杂的散射实验。位于瑞士和法国边境的欧洲核子研究中心（CERN），其发现可以深刻加深我们对宇宙中的空间和时间以及物质和力的理解，这也是本论文的主题。 LHC 以世界最高动量中心能量 13 TeV 散射质子束。 ATLAS 探测器使用基于各种固相、液相和气相技术的跟踪、量热和 μ 子系统来测量产生的碎片，从而实现丰富的物理程序。此类散射实验利用了相对论和量子力学的两个显着特征：1）物质-能量等价性能够产生新的不同粒子，2）粒子-波二象性开启了亚原子结构的非光学探针。数十年的实验和理论工作协调了这两种情况，最终形成了粒子物理学的标准模型（SM）。这种原则性和预测性的理论继续描述对撞机中观察到的所有现象，并取得了显着的成功。然而，作为自然的基本描述，标准模型有许多缺点。本论文中最紧迫的两个问题是a）基本参数的微调结构，b）没有可行的粒子来解释观察到的天体物理暗物质。一类解决方案使用超对称性来扩展 SM 的时空对称性。这预测了 SM 粒子的伙伴，它们的自旋相差半个单位 - 1 - 并且可以在大型强子对撞机上访问。两个互补的实验计划为此类新现象寻找证据：1）在能量前沿凭经验检验相对论和量子力学的一致性，2）直接寻找新现象以揭示自然中未经探测的部分。