The geomorphology of glacial landscapes on Mars

具体目标：记录和绘制Promethei Terra和Deuronilus Mensae的地貌和景观，并评估它们是通过湿冰川作用形成的还是通过冷冰川作用形成的。(2011)冰川状形态的形成和移动模型适用于火星上的其他地区。这个项目将研究火星上的冰川景观。它将侧重于反映过去10年中一些最重要发现的两个研究区，即：1)观测到中低纬度地区最近的冰川地貌，表明冰或富冰物质的大量沉积和流动(Souness等人)。2012年，Milliken等人。2003年)；2)伽马射线和中子谱仪数据显示火星某些中低纬度地区的近地表现存物质高度集中(Feldman等人。2011年)。综上所述，这些结果表明近期的气候是动态的，水在固态和液态中的作用是关键。第一个研究区域将是中纬度地区Promethei Terra，它显示了异常大量的近地表水冰的光谱证据，并包含非常类似于陆地岩石-冰川的粘性流动特征，以及可能的河流-冰川地貌。第二个研究区域将是门萨的中高纬度地区，与Promethei Terra不同，该地区与水冰的光谱证据无关，但有大量类似冰川的形式的证据(Squyres 1979，Morgan等人)。2009年)。该项目的一个关键内容将是调查和绘制这些地区的米级/分米级地貌，并确定高水冰含量的光谱特征是否具有形态上的对应关系。该项目的第二个方面可纳入冰川流模拟，以限制这些地物或遥感地球模拟工作的活动持续时间和数量，具体培训将包括在行星数据方面使用地理信息系统，根据轨道和航空图像建立数字地形模型，行星测绘技术和火星地貌/地质学的一般概念。

Specific objectives:To document and map the landforms and landscapes in Promethei Terra and Deuteronilus Mensae and to assess the case for their formation by wet-based or cold-based glacial processes.To assess whether the Hubbard et al. (2011) model for the formation and movement of glacier-like forms applies to other regions on Mars.This project will examine glacial landscapes on Mars. It will focus on two study regions that reflect some of the most important discoveries of the last 10 years, namely: 1) observations of geologically recent glacial landforms in the mid- to low-latitudes that indicate significant deposition and mobility of ice or ice-rich material (Souness et al. 2012, Milliken et al. 2003); 2) Gamma ray and Neutron Spectrometer data showing high concentration of extant near-surface in certain mid- to low-latitude areas of Mars (Feldman et al. 2011). Taken together, these results suggest a dynamic recent climate, with the role of water in both the solid and liquid state being key. The first area of study will be the mid-latitude region of Promethei Terra, which shows spectral evidence of anomalously high quantities of near-surface water-ice, and contains viscous flow features that closely resemble terrestrial rock-glaciers, as well as possible fluvioglacial landforms. The second area of study will be the mid to high latitude area of Deuteronilus Mensae, which, in contrast to Promethei Terra, is not associated with spectral evidence of water ice, but has abundant evidence of glacier like forms (Squyres 1979, Morgan et al. 2009). A key element of this project will be to investigate and map the meter/decametre scale geomorphology of these areas and to determine whether the spectral signature of high water-ice content has a morphological counterpart. A second aspect of this project could incorporate glacial flow modelling to constrain the duration of activity and amount of debris on these features, or remotely sensed Earth analogue work, depending on the strengths and preferences of the candidate.Specific training will include the use of GIS in planetary data contexts, construction of digital terrain models from orbital and aerial images, planetary mapping techniques and general concepts in martian geomorphology/geology.