Novel Approaches to the Sustainable Control of Crop Insect Pests

农作物害虫可持续防治的新方法

• 批准号: 1773965
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1773965
• 关键词: Novel; Approaches; Sustainable; Control; Crop

Food security features highly on both the political and social agenda. Changing conditions in agriculture, as well as environmental changes, are leading to insect pests becoming a more serious threat to sustainable crop production. Many current synthetic pesticides not only affect the pest insect, but also non-target insects, including beneficial insects: therefore they are highly nonspecific. As a consequence of their lack of specificity, many synthetic pesticides are being banned throughout Europe. These factors have driven the need to identify alternative approaches to controlling insect pests of crops, which are more specific for the target pest and consequently less environmentally damaging.Therefore, this project will aim to identify novel biopesticides from a range of biological sources, which can be used to control insect pests of crops. In the first instance potential sources will be screened for biological activity against key pests of agricultural crops. In addition to using microbials as biopesticides, selected candidate molecules will also expressed in microbial systems. Specific biochemical and physiological targets within the pest will be targeted so as to significantly reduce non-target effects. Such novel biopesticides could come from collection of fungi or bacteria from environmental samples.

粮食安全在政治和社会议程上占有重要地位。不断变化的农业条件以及环境变化正在导致虫害成为可持续作物生产的更严重威胁。目前许多合成农药不仅影响害虫，而且影响非靶标昆虫，包括益虫：因此它们是高度非特异性的。由于缺乏特异性，许多合成杀虫剂在整个欧洲被禁止使用。这些因素促使人们需要寻找对目标害虫更具特异性、因而对环境危害较小的替代方法来控制作物害虫。因此，本项目将致力于从一系列生物来源中识别可用于控制作物害虫的新型生物农药。首先，将筛选潜在来源，以确定其对农作物主要害虫的生物活性。除了使用微生物作为生物杀虫剂之外，所选择的候选分子也将在微生物系统中表达。将针对害虫体内的特定生化和生理靶标，以显著降低非靶标效应。这种新型生物农药可能来自于从环境样品中收集的真菌或细菌。