Exploring AIDS related stigma in Puerto Rico

描述（由申请人提供）：艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病是一种 多重挑战，如预防、受影响者的工作条件、 获得治疗、为受影响者提供医疗保险、心理 服务和人权保护。这些挑战是嵌入在另一个 一种流行病，它与生物学的流行病共存;这就是流行病 的耻辱。换句话说，否定意义和归因与 对疾病本身或与之生活在一起的人的伤害。 包括人际关系的恶化、 消极情绪，避免艾滋病毒检测，实验压力，以及 政府官员制定惩罚性政策。艾滋病相关污名 也有消极的心理影响，包括：焦虑，抑郁， 行会，失去社会支持，孤立，家庭动力中断， 身体和情感暴力，生产关系恶化 与身心健康相关的专业人士。这些污名化的 对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的态度， 整个社会。特别令人震惊的是， 服务商考虑到这些专业人士所扮演的重要角色 在受这种流行病影响的人的生活中，重要的是要解决 与艾滋病有关的耻辱。尽管如此，很少有研究已经进行， 了解拉丁美洲人/作为艾滋病相关的耻辱或制定干预措施， 减少卫生专业人员的耻辱感。 这项建议的目的是探讨： 波多黎各艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者人数，B） 这种污名化，以及c）人们处理这些问题的方式。与 将根据这一信息开发和实施干预模块， 抽样调查与艾滋病毒/艾滋病有关的保健服务专业人员，目的是：a） 提高他们对艾滋病的存在及其后果的认识， 艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的耻辱感，B）向他们提供技能， 艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者能够控制耻辱感的影响，以及c） 减少对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的羞辱。 由于这项研究的探索性质，它在波多黎各的新颖性， 背景，以及艾滋病相关污名研究人员以前的建议， 提出了定性方法。初步研究问题将探讨 通过实施深度访谈。这些将在 血清反应阳性者（n = 30）通过药物注射感染，异性恋 接触，同性恋接触，以收集不同的信息， 污名化的情况下，人们感染通过最常见的手段， 感染在波多黎各经历。之后，一个干预模块 卫生服务提供者（n = 25）将制定、实施和 评估。

DESCRIPTION (Provided by applicant): The HIV/AIDS epidemic is one that poses multiple challenges such as prevention, working conditions for affected people, access to treatment, medical insurance for those affected, psychological services, and human rights protection. These challenges are embedded in another type of epidemic, which co-exists with the biological one; that is an epidemic of stigma. In other words, negative meanings and attributions are linked to the disease itself or to people living with it. Detrimental effects of stigma includes the deterioration of interpersonal relations, the manifestation of negative emotions, avoidance of HIV testing, experimenting stress, and the development of punitive policies by government officials. AIDS related stigma also has negative psychological effect which include: anxiety, depression, guild, loss of social support, isolation, disruption of family dynamics, physical and emotional violence, and the deterioration of productive relations with physical and mental health related professionals. These stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS have been documented amongst society in general. Particularly alarming is their existence among health service providers. Considering the important role that these professionals play in the lives of those affected by this epidemic, it is important to address AIDS related stigma among them. Still, little research has been carried out to understand AIDS related stigma among Latinos/as or to develop interventions for stigma reduction among health professionals. The objective of this proposal is to explore: a) the stigmatizing experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico, b) the negative consequences of this stigmatization, and c) the manner in which people cope with them. With this information an intervention module will be developed and implemented with a sample of HIV/AIDS related health services professionals with the aim of: a) raising their awareness of the existence and consequences of AIDS related stigma on people living with HIV/AIDS, b) providing them with skills to help people living with HIV/AIDS manage the effects of feeling stigmatized, and c) reducing their own stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Due to the exploratory nature of this research, its novelty in the Puerto Rican context, and previous recommendations by AIDS related stigma researchers a qualitative method is proposed. The initial research question will be explored through the implementation of in-depth interviews. These will be carried out with seropositive people (n=30) infected via drug injection, heterosexual contact, and homosexual contact so as to gather information on the different stigmatizing situations that people infected through the most common means of infection in Puerto Rico have experienced. Afterwards, an intervention module of health services providers (n=25) will be developed, implemented and evaluated.