Models for stopping of projectiles in quantum one-dimensional systems

对物质辐射损伤的认识（从材料到活组织）对于解决社会上的不同问题，包括核废料的安全储存，都很重要（我们已经拥有的），核聚变装置新材料的设计，提高航空航天工业材料对宇宙射线的抵抗力，以及放射治疗的改进。在与高速射弹穿过物质有关的过程的物理学研究中，特别是对物质中的电子的影响，直到最近从第一原理在真实的材料中模拟这种过程。然而，对于中等速度（大约是光速的百分之一）的离子，理解这些过程的最有力的范例要么局限于线性响应理论，要么局限于作为目标的均匀电子液体。在这个项目中，我们提出了一个周期性固体（金属或绝缘体）利用平移对称性的时空中存在的问题的新的简单模型的开发和探索的恒速弹丸。我们将从一维目标系统开始，它显示出特殊的响应，因此对今天的基本模型特别具有挑战性。

The understanding of radiation damage in matter (from materials to living tissue) is important for addressing different problems in society, including the safe storage of nuclear waste (the one we already have), the design of new materials for nuclear fusion installations, improving the resilience to cosmic rays of materials for the aerospace industry, and the improvement of radiotherapy.There is a long history of research in the physics of processes related to high-velocity projectiles traversing matter, in particular the effect on the electrons in matter, up to the recent simulation of such processes in real materials from first principles. The most powerful paradigms for understanding these processes for ions of intermediate velocities (around one hundredth of the speed of light) are however limited either to linear-response theory or to the homogeneous electron liquid as target. In this project we propose the development and exploration of new simple models for a constant-velocity projectile in a periodic solid (metal or insulator) making use of the translational symmetry in space-time present in the problem. We will start with one dimensional target systems, that display a peculiar response and therefore especially challenging to today's basic models.