Investigation of Novel Materials for Hybrid Ion Batteries

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Fits into EPSRC area of energy materials and energy storage. Project Overview: Lithium batteries are useful and versatile energy storage devices for a wide array of applications (and are still the favoured contender for transport electrification). However, alternative disruptive technologies are required if a step change in power and energy is to be realised. There has been a more recent concerted acceleration of the research around Na and K-ion systems, with clear benefits seen regarding the ubiquitous nature of these elements compared with Li. This project will develop novel materials for a mixed cation or hybrid-ion batteries. Other studies on mixed ion approaches have used aqueous electrolyte systems but the energy density of these batteries was limited. We propose to investigate the intercalation and conversion reactions in a range of synthesized materials, such as carbons with transition metal oxides and sulfates for mixed alkali (Li, Na and K) cation batteries. In parallel, the electrolyte systems of these novel batteries will be developed to optimise the compatibility of the hybrid ion approach. The materials will be analysed using powder x-ray diffraction, particle size and surface area techniques with comprehensive electrochemical testing to elucidate their performance. Characterisation will incorporate some solid-state NMR investigations (in-situ where appropriate) to illuminate the mechanisms of charge-discharge reactions in mixed ion systems. The aim is therefore to develop a novel materials for a hybrid-ion battery and improve upon the power aspects and energy of these materials compared to lithium ion only. Objectives: - Investigate novel materials for mixed cation batteries - Establish and validate material and electrochemical test methods for new battery chemistries. - Comprehensive electrochemical testing and post-mortem analysis of the anodes in 2 and 3 electrode configurations - Synthesise and characterise novel mixed oxide and sulphate materials