VENUE OF AMPLIFICATION OF EEE OUTBREAKS

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：本提案旨在 确定东部马脑炎病毒(EEEV)是否暴发 主要是在当地丰度较高的鸟类中，忠于特定的 被媒介蚊子反复探测的栖息地是有病毒能力的 通常随着感染的减弱而死亡；这些特性指向八哥和 也许是咯咯叫声或知更鸟。将对EEEV的储层关系进行对比 与共同传播且更快速放大的高地J病毒的病毒 (HJV)。这项研究将：(1)确定许多鸟类在公共区域附近栖息的地点 马萨诸塞州东南部沼泽，地方性媒介蚊子 (库里塞塔黑腹)繁殖，并描述鸟类每天的距离和方向 分散；(2)确定八哥、八哥和八哥的储藏特征 通过比较这些虫媒病毒的能力、频率 地方性媒介蚊子与这些禽类的进食接触，以及频率 这样的联系中断的可能性。所需的病媒接触持续时间 还将测量病毒传播情况；(3)确定病毒传播地点 通过比较媒介蚊子在栖息地的密度实现自然界的传播 并通过确定这些虫媒病毒最多 经常感染大规模疫区附近的地方性媒介蚊子 公共栖息地；(4)与幼虫流行媒介密度有关 蚊子在它们繁衍的沼泽中成熟，以检查 认为电子电气设备的出现是由20世纪的回归推动的 雪松沼泽，这与北极洲八哥的繁殖是平行的。这个 拟议的努力测试了EEEV可能主要在以下情况下永久存在的概念 无数具有病毒能力的鸟类在连续的夜晚栖息，特别是在 病媒-宿主接触频繁，这种禽类往往会因传染性而死亡。 衰败。这项研究寻求水库容量的一般定义和 预计将有助于改进对EEEV疫情的抑制。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): This proposal aims to determine whether outbreaks of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) develop mainly among birds that attain high local abundance, are faithful to particular roost sites, are probed repeatedly by vector mosquitoes, are virus-competent and often die as infection wanes; these properties point towards starlings and perhaps grackles or robins. Reservoir relationships of EEEV will be compared with those of the co-transmitted and more rapidly amplifying Highlands J virus (HJV). The study will: (1) determine where numerous birds roost communally near southeastern Massachusetts swamps, in which enzootic vector mosquitoes (Culiseta melanura) breed, and describe distance and direction of avian daily dispersal; (2) define the reservoir characteristics of starlings, grackles and robins for these arboviruses by comparing virus-competence, frequency of feeding contact by enzootic vector mosquitoes with these birds, and frequency of interruption of such contact. The duration of vector contact required for virus transmission also will be measured; (3) identify the venue of virus transmission in nature by comparing the density of vector mosquitoes in roost sites to that in other sites and by determining whether these arboviruses most frequently infect enzootic vector mosquitoes in the vicinity of massive communal roost sites; (4) relate the density of larval enzootic vector mosquitoes with the maturity of the swamps in which they breed, to examine the notion that the emergence of EEE was promoted by the 20th century return of cedar swamps, which paralleled the Nearctic proliferation of starlings. The proposed effort tests the concept that EEEV may perpetuate mainly where numerous virus-competent birds roost on successive nights, especially if vector-host contact is frequent and such birds tend to die as their infectivity wanes. The research seeks a general definition of reservoir capacity and anticipates contributing to improved suppression of EEEV outbreaks.