How common are alcohol problems in the UK Police Service and what is the level of comorbidity with mental health problems?

英国警察部门的酒精问题有多常见？与心理健康问题共存的程度如何？

• 批准号: 1949414
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1949414
• 关键词: How; common; alcohol; problems; UK

Background: There is a dearth of research on alcohol use and associated risk factors, in the UK Police Service. Australian data suggests that 35% of police met the criteria for increased risk and high-risk alcohol use (defined as AUDIT scores above 8 and 16, respectively). High-risk alcohol use is more common in the UK Armed Forces than the general population and we may expect a similar pattern in police, due to occupational similarities, such as frequent exposure to trauma, shift-work and the male-dominated culture.Aims: This PhD research aims (i) to identify the prevalence of high-risk alcohol use (defined using the UK chief medical officer's guidelines) within a representative sample of the UK Police Service and the co-occurrence with mental health problems; (ii) to compare alcohol use in the UK Police Service to the UK Armed Forces; (iii) to examine whether mental health and occupational stress predict future use of alcohol and (iiii) to qualitatively explore social theories relating to the drivers of high-risk alcohol use in the UK Police Service and its social consequences.Methods: To review the existing literature, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted, to determine the prevalence of increased-risk and high-risk alcohol use across occupations with an increased risk of trauma exposure, i.e., first responders, health care workers, armed forces personnel, train drivers and journalists. For the first aim, we will use The Airwave Health Monitoring Study which recruited police from all police forces in England, Scotland and Wales which used Airwave, a Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA). Data was collected from 40,986 police personnel between 2004 and 2012. The study included the following measures: age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, educational attainment, years in the police service, salary, rank, children under 18 and smoking status. Assessment of mental health included self-reports of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in addition to occupational stress. Alcohol use was measured using a past weekly drinks diary, using the UK chief medical officer's guidelines to determine increased-risk and high-risk alcohol use. Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals for high-risk alcohol use will be reported. The associations between demographic variables, mental health and occupational stress, with alcohol use as the outcome, will be determined through regression analyses.For the second aim, we will combine the Airwave Health Monitoring Study and the King's Centre for Military Health Research cohort study. The datasets will be matched on year of data collection, age and educational attainment, using entropy balancing. We will use logistic regression analyses to determine differences in alcohol use.For the third aim, we will use follow up data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study from approximately 9000 police personnel. The follow up data was collected from 2015 onwards, using the same measures as the first wave. Structural equation modelling will be used to determine the associations between alcohol use at wave 2, with occupational stress and mental health at wave 1. For the final aim, we will conduct semi-structured telephone interviews with police officers who meet the criteria for high-risk alcohol use, to explore the drivers and consequences of high-risk alcohol use. The qualitative data will be transcribed using NVivo and analysed with thematic analysis.Implications: The present research project will provide much needed representative data on the prevalence of high-risk alcohol use in the UK Police Service, advancing academic research on mental health and risk-taking behaviours in an occupational groups commonly exposed to trauma, such as those identified in the systematic review. The findings of this research could be used to inform the development of tailored interventions for alcohol problems in UK police.

背景：英国警察局缺乏关于饮酒和相关风险因素的研究。澳大利亚数据表明，35% 的警察符合增加风险和高风险饮酒的标准（定义为审核分数分别高于 8 和 16）。高风险饮酒在英国武装部队中比一般人群更常见，由于职业相似，例如经常遭受创伤、轮班工作和男性主导的文化，我们预计警察中也会出现类似的模式。 目的：这项博士研究的目的是 (i) 确定英国警察局代表性样本中高风险饮酒的流行程度（使用英国首席医疗官的指南定义）以及与心理健康问题的共存情况； (ii) 比较英国警察部门和英国武装部队的饮酒情况； (iii) 检查心理健康和职业压力是否可以预测未来的饮酒情况，以及 (iii) 定性探索与英国警察局高风险饮酒驱动因素及其社会后果相关的社会理论。方法：为了回顾现有文献，将进行系统回顾和荟萃分析，以确定创伤暴露风险增加的职业中高风险和高风险饮酒的流行率，即 急救人员、医护人员、武装部队人员、火车司机和记者。对于第一个目标，我们将使用 Airwave 健康监测研究，该研究从英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士使用 Airwave（一种地面集群无线电 (TETRA)）的所有警察部队中招募了警察。数据收集自 2004 年至 2012 年间的 40,986 名警察人员。该研究包括以下指标：年龄、性别、婚姻状况、种族、教育程度、警察服务年限、工资、级别、18 岁以下儿童和吸烟状况。除了职业压力之外，心理健康评估还包括抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的自我报告。使用过去每周的饮酒日记来测量酒精使用情况，并使用英国首席医疗官的指南来确定增加风险和高风险的酒精使用情况。将报告高风险饮酒的患病率估计值（置信区间为 95%）。人口变量、心理健康和职业压力之间的关联（以饮酒为结果）将通过回归分析来确定。对于第二个目标，我们将结合无线电波健康监测研究和国王军事健康研究中心队列研究。数据集将使用熵平衡根据数据收集年份、年龄和教育程度进行匹配。我们将使用逻辑回归分析来确定饮酒情况的差异。对于第三个目标，我们将使用来自大约 9000 名警察的 Airwave 健康监测研究的后续数据。后续数据是从 2015 年开始收集的，采用与第一波相同的措施。结构方程模型将用于确定第二波饮酒与第一波职业压力和心理健康之间的关联。为了最终目标，我们将对符合高风险饮酒标准的警官进行半结构化电话采访，以探讨高风险饮酒的驱动因素和后果。定性数据将使用 NVivo 进行转录，并通过主题分析进行分析。 意义：本研究项目将提供急需的关于英国警察部门高风险饮酒流行率的代表性数据，推进对经常遭受创伤的职业群体（例如系统评价中确定的群体）的心理健康和冒险行为的学术研究。这项研究的结果可用于为英国警察制定针对酒精问题的量身定制的干预措施提供信息。

项目成果

The prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking in the UK Police Service, and their co-occurrence with job strain and mental health problems.

• DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000366
• 发表时间: 2021-06-21
• 期刊: Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences
• 影响因子: 8.1
• 作者: Irizar P;Gage SH;Field M;Fallon V;Goodwin L
• 通讯作者: Goodwin L

Probable post-traumatic stress disorder and harmful alcohol use among male members of the British Police Forces and the British Armed Forces: a comparative study.

• DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1891734
• 发表时间: 2021-03-25
• 期刊: European journal of psychotraumatology
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Irizar P;Stevelink SAM;Pernet D;Gage SH;Greenberg N;Wessely S;Goodwin L;Fear NT
• 通讯作者: Fear NT